MRI-assessed Dynamic Hyperinflation Induced by Tachypnea in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The SPIROMICS-HF Study.

Purpose To assess the repeatability of real-time cine pulmonary MRI measures of metronome-paced tachypnea (MPT)-induced dynamic hyperinflation and its relationship with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity. Materials and Methods SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no.

Gas and vapor phase detection of chemical threats on cooled SERS substrates.

Detection of airborne chemical threats is an emerging challenge amidst the prevailing tumultuous global milieu. Extensive investigation has showcased the substantial promise of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the on-site identification of hazardous chemicals present in liquid mediums, whether directly from a fluid source or through methodologies such as swab sampling. Nonetheless, exploration into the applicability of SERS for the detection of gas or vapor-phase chemical threats remains severely constrained.

In situ detection of PD1-PD-L1 interactions as a functional predictor for response to immune checkpoint inhibition in NSCLC.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed lung cancer treatment, yet their effectiveness appears restricted to certain patient subsets. Current clinical stratification based on PD-L1 expression offers limited predictive value. Given the mechanism of action, directly detecting spatial PD1-PD-L1 interactions might yield more precise insights into immune responses and treatment outcomes.

Metastatic breast cancer patients' preferences for exercise programs: a latent class analysis using data from a survey in five European countries.

Purpose: We aimed to identify metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients' preferences for exercise programs and identify patients' characteristics associated with these preferences, to facilitate implementation of exercise programs for MBC patients.

Methods: We used data from a multinational cross-sectional survey conducted among MBC patients. Patients reported their preferred exercise frequency, intensity, type, session duration, and supervision mode.

Perspectives of patients with metastatic breast cancer on physical exercise programs: results from a survey in five European countries.

Background: To successfully implement exercise programs for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), services and patient education should consider patients' knowledge, preferences, values, and goals. Hence, gaining insight into their perspectives on exercise and exercise programming is important.

Method: In this cross-sectional survey, we recruited patients with MBC from the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Spain, and Sweden.

Tumor Heterogeneity Confounds Lymphocyte Metrics in Diagnostic Lung Cancer Biopsies.

Context.—: The immune microenvironment is involved in fundamental aspects of tumorigenesis, and immune scores are now being developed for clinical diagnostics.

Objective.

Expression of cancer-testis antigens in the immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer.

The antigenic repertoire of tumors is critical for successful anti-cancer immune response and the efficacy of immunotherapy. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are targets of humoral and cellular immune reactions. We aimed to characterize CTA expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the context of the immune microenvironment.

PERSPECTIVEs on supervised exercise programs in people with metastatic breast cancer- a qualitative study in four European countries.

Purpose: Supervised exercise is a potentially promising supportive care intervention for people with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), but research on the patients' perspective is limited. The aim of the current focus group study was to gain an in-depth understanding of MBC patients' perceived barriers, facilitators, and preferences for supervised exercise programs.

Methods: Eleven online focus groups with, in total, 44 MBC patients were conducted in four European countries (Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden).

Spatial immunophenotyping of the tumour microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Immune cells in the tumour microenvironment are associated with prognosis and response to therapy. We aimed to comprehensively characterise the spatial immune phenotypes in the mutational and clinicopathological background of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We established a multiplexed fluorescence imaging pipeline to spatially quantify 13 immune cell subsets in 359 NSCLC cases: CD4 effector cells (CD4-Eff), CD4 regulatory cells (CD4-Treg), CD8 effector cells (CD8-Eff), CD8 regulatory cells (CD8-Treg), B-cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T-cells, M1 macrophages (M1), CD163+ myeloid cells (CD163), M2 macrophages (M2), immature dendritic cells (iDCs), mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).

OptiBra study, a randomized controlled trial on optimal postoperative bra support after breast cancer surgery.

Aim: This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare two different postoperative bras after breast cancer surgery and evaluate their impact on primary outcome pain.

Method: The study included 201 patients scheduled for primary surgery (breast conserving surgery with sentinel node biopsy or axillary clearance, mastectomy, or mastectomy with primary implant reconstruction with sentinel node biopsy or axillary clearance). Participants were randomized to either a soft bra or stable bra with compression.

Fibroblast subsets in non-small cell lung cancer: Associations with survival, mutations, and immune features.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are molecularly heterogeneous mesenchymal cells that interact with malignant cells and immune cells and confer anti- and protumorigenic functions. Prior in situ profiling studies of human CAFs have largely relied on scoring single markers, thus presenting a limited view of their molecular complexity. Our objective was to study the complex spatial tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with multiple CAF biomarkers, identify novel CAF subsets, and explore their associations with patient outcome.

Phenotypic expression of swallowing function in Niemann-Pick disease type C1.

Background: Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by endolysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol with progressive deterioration in swallowing, often leading to premature death. Although documented, the natural history of NPC1 swallowing dysfunction has yet to be delineated systematically. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive characterization of the phenotypic spectrum and progression of swallowing dysfunction in NPC1.

A pedagogical model to enhance nurses' ability to support patient learning: an educational design research study.

Objectives: To design, apply, evaluate, and analyse a pedagogical model to enhance nurses' ability to create pedagogical encounters to support patients' learning.

Methods: The study relies on an educational design research approach. A pedagogical model based on learning theories was designed, applied, evaluated, and analysed in a specialist nursing programme in cancer care.

Effect of self-managed lifestyle treatment on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The lack of effective, scalable solutions for lifestyle treatment is a global clinical problem, causing severe morbidity and mortality. We developed a method for lifestyle treatment that promotes self-reflection and iterative behavioral change, provided as a digital tool, and evaluated its effect in 370 patients with type 2 diabetes (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04691973).

Echocardiographic measurements of left atrial volume in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Echocardiographic measurements of left atrial volume (LAV) were evaluated in 57 consecutive patients with ischaemic heart disease. LAV was 38 ml/m (SD 11), larger in patients with ejection fraction (EF) below 45% than in patients with normal EF (≥55%) but in regression analyses only E/e' correlated independently with LAV. Measurements of LAV had acceptable reproducibility where repeated examinations indicated that half of the variability was explained by the measurement procedure.

Differential Effects of Insulin-Deficient Diabetes Mellitus on Visceral vs. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Multi-omics Insights From the Munich MIDY Pig Model.

Adipose tissue (AT) is no longer considered to be responsible for energy storage only but is now recognized as a major endocrine organ that is distributed across different parts of the body and is actively involved in regulatory processes controlling energy homeostasis. Moreover, AT plays a crucial role in the development of metabolic disease such as diabetes. Recent evidence has shown that adipokines have the ability to regulate blood glucose levels and improve metabolic homeostasis.

Labor force diversity and new firm formation.

Many countries have experienced increases in the diversity of their labor forces. Our paper examines one such country-Sweden-and relates the diversity of the local labor force, in terms of demography, culture, education, occupation and industry, to new firm formation. We measure diversity using entropy measures that account for a wider range of differences than is typically used.

The Immune Landscape of Colorectal Cancer.

While the clinical importance of CD8+ and CD3+ cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) is well established, the impact of other immune cell subsets is less well described. We sought to provide a detailed overview of the immune landscape of CRC in the largest study to date in terms of patient numbers and in situ analyzed immune cell types. Tissue microarrays from 536 patients were stained using multiplexed immunofluorescence panels, and fifteen immune cell subclasses, representing adaptive and innate immunity, were analyzed.

Time-resolved in vivo ubiquitinome profiling by DIA-MS reveals USP7 targets on a proteome-wide scale.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based ubiquitinomics provides system-level understanding of ubiquitin signaling. Here we present a scalable workflow for deep and precise in vivo ubiquitinome profiling, coupling an improved sample preparation protocol with data-independent acquisition (DIA)-MS and neural network-based data processing specifically optimized for ubiquitinomics. Compared to data-dependent acquisition (DDA), our method more than triples identification numbers to 70,000 ubiquitinated peptides in single MS runs, while significantly improving robustness and quantification precision.

Infiltration of NK and plasma cells is associated with a distinct immune subset in non-small cell lung cancer.

Immune cells of the tumor microenvironment are central but erratic targets for immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to characterize novel patterns of immune cell infiltration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in relation to its molecular and clinicopathologic characteristics. Lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, FOXP3+, CD45RO+), macrophages (CD163+), plasma cells (CD138+), NK cells (NKp46+), PD1+, and PD-L1+ were annotated on a tissue microarray including 357 NSCLC cases.

Quantitative Evaluation of Single-Use Particle Filtering Half Masks for SARS-CoV-2 Protection.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic put the entire healthcare sector under severe strain due to shortages of personal protection equipment. A large number of new filtering mask models were introduced on the market, claiming effectiveness that had undergone little or no objective and reliable verifications. Filter materials were tested against sodium chloride particles according to the EN149 §7.

FGFR1 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer is mediated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and is a determinant of FGFR1 inhibitor response.

Amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been considered as an actionable drug target. However, pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not demonstrate convincing clinical efficacy in FGFR1-amplified NSCLC patients. This study aimed to characterise the molecular context of FGFR1 expression and to define biomarkers predictive of FGFR1 inhibitor response.

The prognostic impact of the tumour stroma fraction: A machine learning-based analysis in 16 human solid tumour types.

Background: The development of a reactive tumour stroma is a hallmark of tumour progression and pronounced tumour stroma is generally considered to be associated with clinical aggressiveness. The variability between tumour types regarding stroma fraction, and its prognosis associations, have not been systematically analysed.

Methods: Using an objective machine-learning method we quantified the tumour stroma in 16 solid cancer types from 2732 patients, representing retrospective tissue collections of surgically resected primary tumours.