Projection of realistic three-dimensional photogrammetry models using stereoscopic display: A technical note.

The 3D stereoscopic technique consists in providing the illusional perception of depth of a given object using two different images mimicking how the right and left eyes capture the object. Both images are slightly different and when overlapped gives a three-dimensional (3D) experience. Considering the limitations for establishing surgical laboratories and dissections courses in some educational institutions, techniques such as stereoscopy and photogrammetry seem to play an important role in neuroanatomy and neurosurgical education.

That which is unseen: 3D printing for pediatric cerebrovascular education.

Introduction: Pediatric cerebrovascular lesions are very rare and include aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVM), and vein of Galen malformations (VOGM).

Objective: To describe and disseminate a validated, reproducible set of 3D models for optimization of neurosurgical training with respect to pediatric cerebrovascular diseases METHODS: All pediatric cerebrovascular lesions treated at our institution with adequate imaging studies during the study period 2015-2020 were reviewed by the study team. Three major diagnostic groups were identified: aneurysm, AVM, and VOGM.

Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Far Lateral Approach.

 Skull base neuroanatomy is classically taught using surgical atlases. Although these texts are critical and rich resources for learning three-dimensional (3D) relationships between key structures, we believe they could be optimized and complemented with step-by-step anatomical dissections to fully meet the learning needs of trainees.  Six sides of three formalin-fixed latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification.

Three-Dimensional Modeling for Augmented and Virtual Reality-Based Posterior Fossa Approach Selection Training: Technical Overview of Novel Open-Source Materials.

Background: Selection of skull base approaches is a critical skill for complex cranial surgery, which demands nuanced understanding of neuroanatomy and pathology.

Objective: To develop novel pedagogical resources for approach selection education and assessment.

Methods: A prospectively maintained skull base registry was screened for posterior fossa tumors amenable to 3-dimensional (3D) modeling of multiple operative approaches.

Silica-Encapsulated Germania Colloids as 3D-Printable Glass Precursors.

Core-shell colloids make attractive feedstocks for three-dimensional (3D) printing mixed oxide glass materials because they enable synthetic control of precursor dimensions and compositions, improving glass fabrication precision. Toward that end, we report the design and use of core-shell germania-silica (GeO-SiO) colloids and their use as precursors to fabricate GeO-SiO glass monoliths by direct ink write (DIW) 3D printing. By this method, GeO colloids were prepared in solution using sol-gel chemistry and formed oblong, raspberry-like agglomerates with ∼15 nm diameter primary particles that were predominantly amorphous but contained polycrystalline domains.