Serum cholesterol changes from 1983-1984 to 1993-1994 in the People's Republic of China.

Background And Aim: Increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in the People's Republic of China (PRC) led to the 1981 establishment of the PRC-USA Study of Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology which, among other objectives, is concerned with the correlates of CVD morbidity and mortality in Chinese populations among other objectives. This report describes changes in total cholesterol (TC) levels in four PRC populations from 1983 to 1993 and identifies factors related to the changes.

Methods And Results: Population screenings carried out in 1983-1984, 1987-1988 and 1993-1994 involved the collection of demographic data, specimens (including blood), medical history and physical examination data.

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality.

Background: Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) contains all known and potential atherogenic lipid particles. Therefore, non-HDL-C level may be as good a potential predictor of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).

Objectives: To determine whether non-HDL-C level could be useful in predicting CVD mortality and to compare the predictive value of non-HDL-C and LDL-C levels.

Interrelationships among lipoprotein levels, sex hormones, anthropometric parameters, and age in hypogonadal men treated for 1 year with a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system.

Serum lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk are affected by endogenous and exogenous sex hormones. As part of a multicenter evaluation of a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system (TTD), the interrelationships among serum lipoproteins, hormone levels, anthropometric parameters, and age were investigated in 29 hypogonadal men. Subjects (aged 21-65 yr) were first studied during prior treatment with im testosterone esters (IM-T), then during an 8-week period of androgen withdrawal resulting in a hypogonadal state (HG), and finally during a 1-yr treatment period with the TTD.

Analytical and clinical performance of a detergent-based homogeneous LDL-cholesterol assay: a multicenter evaluation.

Background: LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations currently are determined in most clinical laboratories using the Friedewald calculation. This approach has several limitations and may not always meet the current total error recommendation in LDL-C measurement of
Methods: In a multicenter study, we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of a homogeneous LDL-C assay (LDL-C(Roche); Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) in a comparison with a beta-quantification method.

Estimating the long-term effects of storage at -70 degrees C on cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol measurements in stored sera.

We estimated the effects of long-term storage at -70 degrees C on serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in specimens that had been stored for up to 7 years. These estimates were made using measurements in serial specimens collected from the placebo control group of the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study over a period of approximately 5 years. We compared the group means for pairs of serial specimens taken at 6- and 12-month intervals, assuming that (a) a negligible placebo effect occurred between the serial specimen pairs; (b) in the absence of storage effects, the variation in the group means would reflect only normal biological variation and would not materially affect the group means for the serial specimens; (c) any systematic changes in these group means would reflect storage-related changes; and (d) storage-related changes are cumulative, i.

Novel effects of the acyl-coenzyme A:Cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor 58-035 on foam cell development in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages.

We examined the effect of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors on intracellular cholesterol stores in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMMs) during foam cell formation. HMMs were exposed to acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL, 500 microg protein per mL) with or without 58-035 (1 to 10 microg/mL) or CI-976 (2 microg/mL) for 2 to 48 hours. Total cholesterol (TC) and esterified cholesterol (EC) mass was significantly lower while unesterified cholesterol (UC) increased slightly in cells incubated with acLDL plus ACAT inhibitors.

Comparison of the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) cohort with women with coronary disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III).

Background: The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) is the first large clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen/progestin therapy for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). To examine the representativeness of the HERS cohort to the general population of postmenopausal women with CHD, we compared the baseline cardiovascular risk factor data from HERS with similar data from women presumed to have CHD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III.

Methods: Age, race, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were compared in the 2763 postmenopausal women younger than 80 years old, with a uterus, and with documented CHD in HERS versus 145 similarly aged women with clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of CHD from phase I of NHANES III.

Lipoprotein(A) and coronary heart disease risk factors in a racially mixed population: the Johns Hopkins Sibling Study.

Objectives: To determine if heart disease risk factors differentially affect lipoprotein(a) concentration by race, we assessed the association of lipoprotein(a) with heart disease risk factors in healthy Caucasians and African Americans with family histories of premature heart disease.

Methods: Participants (403 Caucasian and 148 African American), all less than 60 years old and free of heart disease, were recruited through a brother or sister diagnosed with coronary heart disease before age 60. Risk factor information was elicited through an interview and medical examination.

Apolipoprotein B and AI distributions in the United States, 1988-1991: results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III).

Serum apolipoproteins (apo) B and AI were measured in a probability sample of the noninstitutionalized US civilian population, ages > or = 4 years, which included non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans. Apo B concentrations were the same in males and females, lower in black males than in other males, low in childhood (approximately 0.80 g/L) and increasing to approximately 1.

Biological variation of lipids and lipoproteins in fingerstick blood.

The biological variability of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was determined in three serial (monthly) capillary and venous specimens from 83 subjects. The analytes were quantified with a desktop analyzer. We saw no differences in the coefficient of biological variability (CVb) between capillary and venous specimens for any analyte (TC, 5.

The effect of fasting status on the determination of low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Purpose: To determine the effect of a self-selected meal on concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in a screening setting and to determine the effect of using nonfasting values to classify individuals according to National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines.

Subjects And Methods: Study subjects were 115 employees who had previously participated in worksite total cholesterol screening, selected by stratified random sampling for sex and total cholesterol levels. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and estimated LDL-C were determined before subjects ate a self-selected breakfast and 3 and 5 hours after eating it.

Cell density can affect cholesteryl ester accumulation in the human THP-1 macrophage.

Esterified cholesterol (EC) accumulation was induced in THP-1 macrophages after exposure to acetylated LDL (acLDL), and the extent of accumulation was dependent on cell density. EC mass was 5-fold greater in cells plated at 1.0 x 10(6) cells/35 mm dish compared to cells plated at density 4.

Measurement of apolipoproteins A-I and B during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III.

We measured apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and B by rate immunonephelometry (rate INA) during Phase 1 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. We also made the measurements by radial immunodiffusion (RID) in a 20% subset of the samples. Aliquots of this subset were also analyzed in the Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories by fixed-time INA calibrated to the World Health Organization (WHO)-International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) First International Reference Materials for Apolipoproteins A-I and B.

Lipoprotein alterations from a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene. A 12-month trial.

To evaluate the lipid and lipoprotein changes induced by a triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene, 25 healthy women from the Baltimore metropolitan area were enrolled in an open-label, noncomparative study. Serum lipids were measured prior to starting the OCs and again during the 3rd, 6th and 12th treatment cycles. Mean lipid concentrations in each treatment cycle were compared to baseline levels using the t test for paired samples.

Association of plasma triglyceride concentration and LDL particle diameter, density, and chemical composition with premature coronary artery disease in men and women.

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) physical-chemical characteristics were studied as nontraditional risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a well-characterized population of 98 men aged < or = 50 and 100 women aged < or = 60 who underwent elective diagnostic coronary arteriography. The average LDL diameter was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis, chemical composition (%w/w) was measured, and the density of the major LDL peak was determined by equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of various LDL characteristics with CAD before and after adjustment for other covariates.

Effect of hyperapo B LDL on cholesterol esterification in THP-1 macrophages.

Hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (hyperapo B), a common disorder associated with coronary artery disease, is characterized by an increased number of small, dense, low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. The cellular mechanisms responsible for early atherosclerosis in hyperapo B are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that hyperapo B LDL may be preferentially metabolized through an LDL receptor independent pathway promoting the accumulation of cellular cholesteryl ester (CE).

Prevalence of high blood cholesterol among US adults. An update based on guidelines from the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel.

Objective: To estimate the current levels and trends in the proportion of US adults with high blood cholesterol based on guidelines from the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP II).

Design: Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys.

Setting/participants: Data for 7775 participants 20 years of age and older from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (data collected from 1988 through 1991) and for 9797 participants 20 through 74 years of age from NHANES II (data collected from 1976 through 1980) were used.

Declining serum total cholesterol levels among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Objective: To examine the secular trend in serum total cholesterol levels of the US adult population.

Design: Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys with both an in person interview and a medical examination that included the measurement of blood lipid levels.

Setting/participants: Between 6000 and 13,000 adults aged 20 through 74 years examined in each of four separate national surveys during 1960 through 1962, 1971 through 1974, 1976 through 1980, and 1988 through 1991.

Prevalence of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia and other lipoprotein phenotypes in men (aged < or = 50 years) and women (< or = 60 years) with coronary artery disease.

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (hyperapoB) and other phenotypes of dyslipoproteinemia were examined in 99 men (aged < or = 50 years) and 104 women (< or = 60 years) undergoing elective diagnostic coronary arteriography. HyperapoB was the most common phenotype (34%) associated with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Only 20.

Decreased postprandial response to a fat meal in normotriglyceridemic men with hypoalphalipoproteinemia.

The plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been reported to be inversely correlated with the level of triglycerides (TGs) and the magnitude of postprandial lipemia because subjects with low HDL-C accompanying high TG levels often have an increased postprandial response to a fat load. However, information is limited regarding the postprandial response to a fat load in subjects with low HDL-C and normal fasting TG values (hypoalphalipoproteinemia [hypoalpha]). We administered an oral fat load (70 g/m2 of body surface area) to six subjects with hypoalpha and six aged-matched control subjects.