Publications by authors named "Bachman W"

Article Synopsis
  • - The study focused on KPC-Kp bloodstream infections, which are deadly, and aimed to understand how these bacteria resist a key defense mechanism in our blood, called complement.
  • - Researchers tested various KPC-Kp isolates from patients, discovering that 27% of them resisted killing by human serum; a specific gene mutation (wcaJ) linked to capsule production contributed to this resistance.
  • - This mutation resulted in less capsule presence, paradoxically increasing the bacteria's ability to bind complement proteins while also improving their survival against immune responses, potentially allowing them to thrive in the bloodstream without being overly virulent in tissues.
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The use of race-specific reference values to evaluate pulmonary function has long been embedded into clinical practice; however, there is a growing consensus that this practice may be inappropriate and that the use of race-neutral equations should be adopted to improve access to health care. To evaluate whether the use of race-neutral equations to assess percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) impacts eligibility for clinical trials, antifibrotic therapy, and referral for lung transplantation in Black, Hispanic/Latino, and White patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). FVC% values for patients from the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry were calculated using race-specific (Hankinson and colleagues, 1999), race-agnostic (Global Lung Function Initiative [GLI]-2012), and race-neutral (GLI-2022 or GLI-Global) equations.

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β-Lactamases can accumulate stepwise mutations that increase their resistance profiles to the latest β-lactam agents. CMY-185 is a CMY-2-like β-lactamase and was identified in an clinical strain isolated from a patient who underwent treatment with ceftazidime-avibactam. CMY-185, possessing four amino acid substitutions of A114E, Q120K, V211S, and N346Y relative to CMY-2, confers high-level ceftazidime-avibactam resistance, and accumulation of the substitutions incrementally enhances the level of resistance to this agent.

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Article Synopsis
  • - This study investigated a variant of the blaCMY gene linked to resistance against the antibiotic combination ceftazidime/avibactam in a series of E. coli isolates from a patient with an intra-abdominal infection.
  • - Whole-genome sequencing showed the resistant E. coli strain, identified as ST410, carried a new CMY β-lactamase gene called blaCMY-185, which had specific amino acid changes that contributed to its resistance.
  • - The research concluded that the CMY-185 variant requires multiple amino acid mutations to effectively confer resistance, marking a significant differentiation from other similar enzymes when it comes to resisting ceftazidime/avibactam treatments.
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Article Synopsis
  • *Researchers found that 27% of KPC-Kp isolates showed increased resistance to human serum, linked to a mutation that reduces capsule content and helps the bacteria evade immune responses.
  • *The mutation allows KPC-Kp to survive better in the bloodstream while being less virulent in tissues, highlighting a complex interaction that aids the bacteria's persistence in the host.
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Objectives: To characterize a variant associated with ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistance from a serially collected isolate.

Methods: A patient with an intra-abdominal infection due to recurrent was treated with CZA. On day 48 of CZA therapy, with a CZA MIC of >256 mg/L was identified from abdominal drainage.

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A common adverse response to the clinical use of glucocorticoids (GCs) is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) which is a major risk factor for glaucoma. Elevated IOP arises due to impaired outflow of aqueous humor (AH) through the trabecular meshwork (TM). Although GC-induced changes in actin cytoskeletal dynamics, contractile characteristics, and cell adhesive interactions of TM cells are believed to influence AH outflow and IOP, the molecular mechanisms mediating changes in these cellular characteristics are poorly understood.

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Understanding cell behaviors can provide new knowledge on the development of different pathologies. Focal adhesion (FA) sites are important sub-cellular structures that are involved in these processes. To better facilitate the study of FA sites, deep learning (DL) can be used to predict FA site morphology based on limited microscopic datasets (e.

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Clinical use of glucocorticoids is associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for glaucoma. Glucocorticoids have been reported to induce changes in actin cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, fibrogenic activity, and mechanical properties of trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue, which plays a crucial role in aqueous humor dynamics and IOP homeostasis. However, we have a limited understanding of the molecular underpinnings regulating these myriad processes in TM cells.

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One hundred forty-nine carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales from clinical samples obtained between April 2014 and November 2017 were subjected to whole genome sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing. Klebsiella pneumoniae (81, 54.4%) and Escherichia coli (38, 25.

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Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is an urgent public health threat globally. Limited data are available regarding the epidemiology of CRE in South Florida. We describe the epidemiology of CRE within a large public healthcare system in Miami, FL, the experience with an internal registry, active surveillance testing, and the impact of infection prevention practices.

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Background: The objective of this study was to use contrast sensitivity measurements to determine the effect of windshield salt film on driver vision. This effect simulates road salt spray that dries in place on a vehicle windshield during winter driving conditions.

Methods: Ten emmetropic subjects were tested to assess contrast sensitivity functions through windshields that were clear compared with the same stimuli as viewed through windshields coated with salt film.

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Background: The use of anti-reflection coatings (AR) for spectacle lenses is steadily increasing. These ultra-thin coatings reduce reflections in lenses, increasing light transmittance about 8% (from 91% to 99%). Patient reports of crisper detail and brighter environment indicate that this perceived increase in visual function would probably be of benefit to many, including highway patrolmen who must make daily judgments on the basis of fine visual detail.

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Background: This study is a follow-up to a study performed in 1991 to determine the continuing impact of the use by optometrists in Missouri of therapeutic agents (TPA) to treat eye diseases.

Methods: Sixty-four percent of the Missouri optometrists certified to use therapeutic pharmaceutical agents responded to a 1995 questionnaire.

Results: More than 90 percent of those responding prescribe all categories of topical agents, while oral agents are used at lower percentages.

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Patients with mitral valve prolapse, chest pain with normal coronary arteries, and neurologic syndromes following cardiac surgery constitute a group that may present atypically, thus posing problems in management. The management of patients with cardiac disease receiving electroconvulsive therapy and of those on psychotropic drugs is also different from that of the usual cardiology patient seen in the hospital. Clinical approaches are suggested for the evaluation and treatment of each of these specific conditions.

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Background: The Missouri State Highway Patrol (MSHP) had 902 troopers on duty at the time of this study. The purpose of this study was to determine, for the first time, the visual characteristics of this group.

Methods: All 902 troopers were requested to be screened during early 1993 at their local MSHP troop headquarters.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the M17 and M43 protective masks on stereoacuity. Twelve subjects were tested on the Keystone diagnostic series stereopsis test at nearpoint and the Howard-Dolman apparatus at 40 cm and 6 m. Stereopsis was evaluated without a mask and with the M43 and M17 masks.

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Early identification and treatment of vision problems is a key element in learning. For preschool children already identified with developmental delay, vision screening and visual correction are particularly essential. Participants drawn from a public Special School District were 105 preschoolers ages 3 to 5 years identified as having developmental delay.

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Background: The Missouri State Highway Patrol (MSHP) required that its vision standards be updated in order to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This act prohibits employers from using qualification standards to screen out people with disabilities, including vision, unless they are job-related and necessary.

Methods: Since 1992 the author and a team of optometry students have screened all MSHP applicants using the American Optometric Association (AOA)'s Vision Standards for Police Officers with the addition of grating contrast sensitivity.

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This study evaluated peripheral vision through the M43 protective mask currently worn by aviators in the AH-64 Apache helicopter. A Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer was used to measure the sensitivity of a subject's visual field with and without the mask. The results were analyzed using Dicon's Fieldview software.

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This study attempts to determine the impact of the legal authorization to treat eye diseases on the practice of optometry in Missouri. Seventy-two percent of the therapeutic pharmaceutical agent (TPA) certified optometrists practicing in the state responded to a questionnaire in 1991. A majority of those responding prescribed every category of TPA except oral anti-histaminic agents.

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Binocular spectacle overcorrection for near with "Readables" progressive-addition lenses and with lenses having spherical surfaces were compared by 36 successful presbyopic wearers of single-vision contact lenses. The two forms of near correction were each worn by these subjects for 3 weeks in a randomized cross-over study and were also directly compared for 1 week in which both overcorrections were available. "Readables" spectacle correction was significantly better than the conventional overcorrection in four of the five patient response categories studied (visual comfort, close vision, intermediate vision, and function without removal) and was not significantly different in one of the five categories (ability to adapt).

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