Computational Quantum Chemistry Insights into the Mechanism of VO Reduction on Graphene-Based Electrodes.

The identity of active sites for redox reactions within vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) isstill controversial despite decades of research into the matter. Here, we use density functional theory to examine the premise of selected surface functional groups as active sites and provide mechanistic insights into the reaction pathway for the positive electrode reaction. The adsorption of electroactive species on phenol and carbene-like edge carbon sites was compared using model aromatic clusters.

Identifying patterns of health care utilisation among physical elder abuse victims using Medicare data and legally adjudicated cases: protocol for case-control study using data linkage and machine learning.

Introduction: Physical elder abuse is common and has serious health consequences but is under-recognised and under-reported. As assessment by healthcare providers may represent the only contact outside family for many older adults, clinicians have a unique opportunity to identify suspected abuse and initiate intervention. Preliminary research suggests elder abuse victims may have different patterns of healthcare utilisation than other older adults, with increased rates of emergency department use, hospitalisation and nursing home placement.

Low oxygen: A (tough) way of life for Okavango fishes.

Botswana's Okavango Delta is a World Heritage Site and biodiverse wilderness. In 2016-2018, following arrival of the annual flood of rainwater from Angola's highlands, and using continuous oxygen logging, we documented profound aquatic hypoxia that persisted for 3.5 to 5 months in the river channel.

Pembrolizumab and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Phase 1 cohorts from the KEYNOTE-021 study.

Objectives: Platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has modest benefit overall, but has the potential to amplify immune responses. In cohorts A-C of the multicohort phase 1/2 study KEYNOTE-021 (Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02039674), we evaluated combinations of platinum-doublet chemotherapy with the anti-programmed death 1 monocloncal antibody pembrolizumab.

A phase IIb randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of migraine.

Aim: The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ubrogepant (MK-1602), a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist (CGRP-RA), for the acute treatment of migraine.

Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized 834 participants to treat one migraine attack with ubrogepant 1 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. The co-primary endpoints were pain freedom and headache response at two hours.

Phenotypic and imaging features of FLNA-negative patients with bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia and epilepsy.

Purpose: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a malformation of cortical development due to impaired neuronal migration resulting in the formation of nodular masses of neurons and glial cells in close proximity to the ventricular walls. We report the clinical characteristics of the largest case series of FLNA-negative patients with seizures and bilateral periventricular heterotopia.

Methods: Participants were recruited through the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project (EPGP), a multicenter collaborative effort to collect detailed phenotypic data and DNA on a large number of individuals with epilepsy, including a cohort with symptomatic epilepsy related to PVNH.

Neutrophils negatively regulate induction of mucosal IgA responses after sublingual immunization.

Induction of mucosal immunoglobulin-A (IgA) capable of providing a first line of defense against bacterial and viral pathogens remains a major goal of needle-free vaccines given via mucosal routes. Innate immune cells are known to play a central role in induction of IgA responses by mucosal vaccines, but the relative contribution of myeloid cell subsets to these responses has not firmly been established. Using an in vivo model of sublingual vaccination with Bacillus anthracis edema toxin (EdTx) as adjuvant, we examined the role of myeloid cell subsets for mucosal secretory IgA responses.

Use of organic precursors and graphenes in the controlled synthesis of carbon-containing nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion.

The development of high-performance electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells, is an important step on the road to alternative energy technologies. Carbon-containing nanomaterials (CCNMs), defined here as pure carbon materials and carbon/metal (oxide, hydroxide) hybrids with structural features on the nanometer scale, show potential application in such devices. Because of their pronounced electrochemical activity, high chemical and thermal stability and low cost, researchers are interested in CCNMs to serve as electrodes in energy-related devices.

Long-term open-label safety study of rizatriptan acute treatment in pediatric migraineurs.

Objective: To evaluate the safety/tolerability of rizatriptan in the long-term acute treatment of migraine in pediatric patients.

Background: Acute migraine treatment options for children are limited. A recent single-attack trial demonstrated that rizatriptan is effective in eliminating migraine headache pain in this population.

Efficacy and tolerability of rizatriptan in pediatric migraineurs: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using a novel adaptive enrichment design.

Background: Treatment options for children and adolescents with migraine are limited. This study evaluated rizatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents.

Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial in migraineurs 6-17 years old with unsatisfactory response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen/paracetamol.

General approach to low-molecular-weight metallogelators via the coordination-induced gelation of an L-glutamate-based lipid.

A twin-tailed glutamate-based lipid with a pyridine headgroup was prepared in good yield using standard amide coupling and protection/deprotection chemistry. The resulting Lewis basic lipid gels a wide array of hydrocarbon solvents at a critical gelation concentration (C(g)) of 0.3 wt %.

Randomized controlled trial of the CGRP receptor antagonist MK-3207 in the acute treatment of migraine.

Background: This study evaluated the CGRP receptor antagonist MK-3207 for acute treatment of migraine.

Methods: Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, two-stage adaptive study with two interim efficacy analyses to facilitate optimal dose selection. Migraine patients were initially randomized to MK-3207 2.

Reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination of fluorinated disulfides at gold(I) thiolate complexes: a new ligand exchange mechanism.

Reaction of HAuCl4 x 3 H2O with excess HSAr (Ar = C6F5 or C6F4H) in ethanol, followed by addition of [Et4N]Cl, produced [Et4N][Au(SAr)4] (Ar = C6F5 (1a) or C6F4H (1b)) as red crystalline solids in high yield. These complexes are rare examples of homoleptic gold(III) thiolate complexes. The crystal structures 1 show square planar geometry at the gold center with elongated Au-S bonds.

Measuring victimization inside prisons: questioning the questions.

Violence and victimization inside the prison setting are accepted as facts, although the facts about their prevalence remain uncertain. Variation in the methods used to estimate rates of sexual and physical victimization contribute to the wide range in estimates appearing in the prison literature. This article focuses on the questions used in the prison victimization literature to elicit information on victimization from inmates, compared to questions used in the general victimization literature.

Resident-to-resident elder mistreatment and police contact in nursing homes: findings from a population-based cohort.

Objectives: To determine the frequency and nature of police contact with a well-characterized cohort of originally community-dwelling older adults who were subsequently placed in long-term care facilities and to describe in more quantitative and qualitative detail episodes of resident-to-resident elder mistreatment (RREM), which constituted the most common reason for police involvement in long-term care facilities.

Design: Qualitative and quantitative study of the characteristics of nursing home residents who engaged in resident-to-resident mistreatment. The study melded longitudinal data from an observational cohort of community-dwelling older adults subsequently placed in long-term care facilities and cross-sectional data from nursing home and police records.

Violent crime victimization increases the risk of nursing home placement in older adults.

Purpose: We estimate the independent contribution of crime victimization to nursing home placement in a cohort of older adults who were community dwelling at baseline.

Design And Methods: The data come from an observational cohort study of 2,321 community-residing older adults who were members of the New Haven Established Populations for Epidemiological Studies in the Elderly cohort in 1985. Participants had annual evaluations using standardized instruments.

Sexual violence inside prisons: rates of victimization.

People in prison are exposed to and experience sexual violence inside prisons, further exposing them to communicable diseases and trauma. The consequences of sexual violence follow the individual into the community upon release. This paper estimates the prevalence of sexual victimization within a state prison system.

Atmospheric deposition inputs and effects on lichen chemistry and indicator species in the Columbia River Gorge, USA.

Topographic and meteorological conditions make the Columbia River Gorge (CRG) an 'exhaust pipe' for air pollutants generated by the Portland-Vancouver metropolis and Columbia Basin. We sampled fog, bulk precipitation, throughfall, airborne particulates, lichen thalli, and nitrophytic lichen distribution. Throughfall N and S deposition were high, 11.

3.0 T vs. 1.5 T MR angiography: in vitro comparison of intravascular stent artifacts.

Purpose: To evaluate the signal characteristics of different iliac artery stents in MR angiography (MRA) at 3 T in comparison with 1.5 T.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen iliac artery stents were implanted in plastic tubes filled with a solution of Gd-DTPA and imaged at 3 T and 1.

Consumer-driven health care: the future is now.

Given that managed care seems to have run its course, employers are forced to deal with escalating health care costs by reducing benefits and lowering pay--or are they? Why not bring the power of the responsible, informed consumer to health care? Consumer-driven health care offers a new, economically rational direction that can simultaneously address the needs of both employers and employees. This article reviews the factors leading to the need for consumer-driven health care and describes the characteristics and benefits of its current and next generations of development.

Efficacy and toxicity of a dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a single-agent, dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA). Canine HSA is a highly malignant tumor, and most affected dogs die within 6 months of diagnosis. Doxorubicin is the most, and possibly the only, effective chemotherapeutic drug for this malignancy, but it provides only moderate improvement in survival.

Outcomes after expectant management of extremely preterm premature rupture of the membranes.

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess contemporary outcomes in pregnancies managed expectantly after extremely preterm premature (< or =24 weeks) premature rupture of the membranes (EPPROM).

Study Design: We queried antepartum and ultrasound databases for patients with EPPROM. Data on pregnancy outcome and short-term neonatal outcomes were collected.

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in young colorectal cancer patients: high-risk clinic versus population-based registry.

Background & Aims: Early onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important feature of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). We sought to compare rates of genetically defined HNPCC among individuals with early onset CRC drawn from a high-risk clinic and a population-based cancer registry.

Methods: Probands with CRC diagnosed before 36 years of age were enrolled from a high-risk CRC clinic at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and a population-based Kaiser Permanente (KP) Health Plan cancer registry.

Metal-Ligand Bonding in Coinage Metal-Phosphine Complexes: The Synthesis and Structure of Some Low-Coordinate Silver(I)-Phosphine Complexes.

Reaction of AgBF(4) with 2 equiv of Ph(3)P in acetonitrile followed by recrystallization from dichloromethane/hexane yields the mixed phosphine-nitrile complex [(Ph(3)P)(2)AgNCCH(3)]BF(4) (I) as its dichloromethane solvate, I.0.5CH(2)Cl(2).