Somatosensory evoked potentials.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have been routinely used over the years to evaluate the somatosensory pathway and thereby supplement the diagnostic process when the history, neurologic examination, and imaging were not fully conclusive. The utilization of SEPs has become more popular in recent years despite the advance of imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although no agreement has been found on the nomenclature and origins of some of the potentials, the most consistently recognized potentials have been used in clinical practice with montages and normative values set by each individual laboratory.

Electrophysiology of Cranial Nerve Testing: Trigeminal and Facial Nerves.

The clinical examination of the trigeminal and facial nerves provides significant diagnostic value, especially in the localization of lesions in disorders affecting the central and/or peripheral nervous system. The electrodiagnostic evaluation of these nerves and their pathways adds further accuracy and reliability to the diagnostic investigation and the localization process, especially when different testing methods are combined based on the clinical presentation and the electrophysiological findings. The diagnostic uniqueness of the trigeminal and facial nerves is their connectivity and their coparticipation in reflexes commonly used in clinical practice, namely the blink and corneal reflexes.

Anti-glutamic Acid decarboxylase antibody-associated ataxia as an extrahepatic autoimmune manifestation of hepatitis C infection: a case report.

Extrahepatic immunological manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are well described. In addition, antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia is well-established entity. However, there have been no reports in the literature of anti-GAD antibody-associated ataxia as an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV infection.

CNS intravascular lymphoma: a case report.

Intravascular lymphoma is a rare but well-described entity. The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented initially with syncope followed by subacute cognitive decline that progressed to minimally conscious state.

Optic neuritis presenting with amaurosis fugax.

Optic neuritis usually presents with rapid and gradual loss of vision that is either complete or incomplete, and typically associated with retro-orbital pain. To our knowledge there have been no documented reports of optic neuritis presenting with multiple episodes of amaurosis fugax, the sudden and transient loss of vision lasting seconds to minutes. We report here the case of a young woman with a possible diagnosis of demyelinating left optic neuritis that presented solely with multiple episodes of brief and transient sudden loss of vision.