Frailty assessment and outcomes in primary care for patients with diabetes during Ramadan: implications for risk evaluation and care plans.

Background: Frailty is a critical concern for older adults, impacting their susceptibility to adverse events and overall quality of life. This study aimed to determine the frailty status of patients 60 years or older in Abu Dhabi Ambulatory Healthcare Services (AHS) and assess its relation to the stress exerted by Ramadan fasting and the occurrence of any adverse outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, participants were included if the attending physicians used the IDF-DAR risk stratification assessment tool.

Identifying metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using clinic-based prediction tools.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a global cause of chronic liver disease. The prevalence of MASLD is high in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various non-invasive tools such as the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), liver ultrasound, and FibroScan can aid in the detection of liver fibrosis in MASLD, while the Hamaguchi ultrasound-based liver grading system has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity comparable to liver biopsy.

Consensus recommendations on fasting during Ramadan for patients with kidney disease: review of available evidence and a call for action (RaK Initiative).

Ramadan fasting (RF) involves abstaining from food and drink during daylight hours; it is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Although sick individuals are exempt from fasting, many will fast anyway. This article explores the impact of RF on individuals with kidney diseases through a comprehensive review of existing literature and consensus recommendations.

Validation of the new IDF-DAR risk assessment tool for Ramadan fasting in patients with diabetes.

Background: A new IDF-DAR (International Diabetes Federation - Diabetes and Ramadan Alliance) risk stratification tool was published in 2021 to better stratify the risk of Ramadan fasting in people with diabetes.

Methods: We performed a prospective, survey-based study before and after Ramadan 1442/2021 to explore the ability of the new IDF-DAR risk stratification tool to predict the probability of fasting and the risk of complications from fasting in people with diabetes.

Results: A pre-Ramadan assessment was completed for 659 patients who intended to fast in Ramadan; 647(98.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes using SGLT2 Inhibitors.

Background: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) use is associated with an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Objective: This study evaluated and compared the DKA characteristics and outcomes of users and non-users of SGLT2i.

Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) admitted with DKA to Tawam Hospital, Al Ain City, UAE between January 2017 and March 2021.

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is associated with a better glycemic control than multiple daily insulin injections without difference in diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia admissions among Emiratis with Type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To characterizes Emiratis patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and compares outcomes between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) users. The WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) score was used to screen for depression.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and insulin replacement regimens were collected on patients with T1D between 2015-2018.

Relationship between lipid profile, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: Inflammation is a major factor in endothelial dysfunction (ED) which is the earliest predictor of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. This study aimed to describe the possible relationship between plasma lipids and inflammatory and ED biomarkers in young Emirati patients with and without T1DM.

Methods: This case-control study included 158 patients with T1DM and 157 healthy controls from the local population of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles, Haplotypes and Genotypes in Emirati Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Underscores the Benefits of Evaluating Understudied Populations.

HLA class II (DR and DQ) alleles and antigens have historically shown strong genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study evaluated the association of and alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes with T1D in United Arab Emirates. Study subjects comprised 149 patients with T1D, and 147 normoglycemic control subjects.

Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines 2021.

Fasting during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all healthy Muslims from the age of puberty. Though individuals with some illness and serious medical conditions, including some people with diabetes, can be exempted from fasting, many will fast anyway. It is of paramount importance that people with diabetes that fast are given the appropriate guidance and receive proper care.

Effects of Diabetes Prevention Education Program for Overweight and Obese Subjects with a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study from the United Arab Emirates.

Objectives: The association of obesity and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) provides an opportunity for risk stratification and prevention, as these two conditions are the most well-known risk factors for T2DM. We aimed to test the feasibility and effects of a diabetes mellitus prevention education program designed for overweight and obese Emirati people with at least one parent with T2DM.

Methods: We conducted a pilot study using a pre-post design without a control arm at the Diabetes Center at Tawam Hospital in Al Ain, UAE.

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology and ultrasound examination of thyroid nodules in the UAE: A comparison.

Background: Thyroid nodules are a common clinical finding and most are benign, however, 5-15% can be malignant. There is limited regional data describing the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological examination compared to ultrasound examination of thyroid in patients who have undergone thyroid surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of ultrasonographic (US) reports, FNA cytology reports and histopathology reports of 161 thyroid nodules presented at the endocrine center at Tawam hospital in Al Ain city, the United Arab Emirates during the period 2011-2019 was performed.

Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcome of Acromegaly in the United Arab Emirates.

Objectives: We sought to ascertain the clinical characteristics and control rate of acromegaly in the UAE.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of all patients presenting with acromegaly to six endocrine centers in the UAE between November 2010 and December 2018. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, and radiologic data were collected.

Use of SGLT2 inhibitors during Ramadan: An expert panel statement.

Fasting from dawn to sunset, during the holy month of Ramadan, constitutes one of the five main pillars in Islam and is observed by the majority of Muslims. Owing to important physiological changes, Ramadan fasting holds a crucial place in the context of diabetes management. Approximately one-fifth of the world's Muslim population resides in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region.

Association of variants in PTPN22, CTLA-4, IL2-RA, and INS genes with type 1 diabetes in Emiratis.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a complex interrelation of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have reported HLA and non-HLA loci as significant contributors to T1D. However, the genetic basis of T1D among Emiratis is unexplored.

Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus & TCF7L2 gene variants in the Emirati population: Genetics of diabetes in the United Arab Emirates.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a multifactorial etiology involving a complex interplay between genes and the environment. The prevalence of T2DM among the countries of the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC), including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), ranks among the top 15 in the world. A number of studies have shown an increase in T2DM risk for the "TT" genotype at the rs4506565 and rs12255372 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) of the TCF7L2 gene.

Genetics of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease and their associations with twelve cardiometabolic traits in the United Arab Emirates population.

Background: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) population has a high rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous studies have indicated strong genetic associations between T2DM and CAD. The objective of this study was to replicate previously reported significant genetic associations for T2DM and CAD which were in a genome-wide significance level in a cohort from the Arab population of the UAE, and to investigate the associations of these loci with twelve cardiometabolic traits that may influence the development of T2DM and CAD.

BRAF and KRAS mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma in the United Arab Emirates.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant thyroid neoplasm comprising 80-90% of all thyroid malignancies. Molecular changes in thyroid follicular cells are likely associated with the development of PTC. Mutations in serine/threonine-protein kinase (BRAF) and Rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) are commonly seen in PTC.

The value of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus during Ramadan fasting.

Introduction: In order to achieve the recommended glycemic control, women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) are instructed to self-monitor blood glucose (SMBG) regularly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate glucose readings provided by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and SMBG in GDM patients during Ramadan fasting.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study that recruited GDM patients treated with diet ± metformin were enrolled.

Diabetic hypoglycaemia during Ramadan fasting: A trans-national observational real-world study.

Objectives: To describe the risk of hypoglycaemia during Ramadan and determine its risk factors, and the impact of hypoglycaemia on patients' behaviour.

Methods: A cross-sectional multi-country observational study, with data captured within 6 weeks after Ramadan 2015. Patients' and disease characteristics and its management, the risk of hypoglycaemia and patients' response to hypoglycaemia were recorded.

Challenges in the management of Type 2 Diabetes among native women in the United Arab Emirates.

Aim: To investigate Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management in native female patients in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods: Ninety women from the outpatient diabetes clinic at Tawam Hospital, UAE, were interviewed face-to-face about how they manage their disease, using a structured questionnaire. Clinical values of the patients were extracted from medical records.

Impact of Ramadan fasting on glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus treated with diet alone or diet plus metformin: a continuous glucose monitoring study.

Objective: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are categorized as at high risk for adverse events during Ramadan fasting. However, this is largely based on clinical opinion. In this study, we shed some light on what happens to glucose levels during Ramadan fasting.

Comparison of continuous glucose monitoring in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Ramadan versus non-Ramadan.

Aim: To assess the impact of fasting on interstitial glucose (IG) in adolescents with type 1 DM (T1DM) by using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Method: A minimum of 2.5 days CGM was done on adolescents with T1DM during fasting in Ramadan and in the month before or after Ramadan to compare the differences in mean IG, and in the durations of hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL), hyperglycemia (200-299 mg/dL), and severe hyperglycemia (≥300 mg/dL).

Tolerability of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan: Results of the Canagliflozin in Ramadan Tolerance Observational Study (CRATOS).

Aims: There is a large population of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are Muslim and fast during Ramadan. Changes in the pattern and amount of meal and fluid intake during Ramadan, in addition to the long fasting hours, may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, and dehydration. The Canagliflozin in Ramadan Tolerance Observational Study (CRATOS) evaluated the tolerability of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, compared with sulphonylureas among patients with T2DM who fast during Ramadan.