Climate change projections for Diamer Division in lesser Himalayas using multi-global climate model ensemble.

Pakistan, like many other regions around the world, is experiencing the impacts of climate change, particularly in its northern region. These changes have adverse impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity. Herein, we have investigated future projections of temperature and precipitation trends for three periods historical (HT = 1975-2005), near-term (NT = 2010-2029), and mid-term (MT = 2030-2050) using climate model intercomparison projects along with global climate models (GCMs) including RCP4.

Growth Analysis of Glyphosate-Resistant and Susceptible Biotypes.

This study examined the growth parameters of both glyphosate-susceptible and glyphosate-resistant biotypes of , designated as GA2005 and GA2017, respectively. A two-year microplot field study was conducted to assess their growth characteristics. Scheduled destructive harvests on named harvest days (HD) were conducted to collect measurements for further calculation of net assimilation rate (NAR; g m day), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf weight ratio (LWR), stem-to-leaf ratio (SLR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area ratio (LAR; cm g), leaf area duration (LAD; days), relative growth rate (RGR; g.

Evaluation of the Combinatory Anticancer Effect of Chemotherapeutic Compounds and Prodigiosin against HCT-116, LoVo, and A549 Cell lines.

Despite their wide usage in reducing tumors and improving patients' survival, chemotherapeutic drugs or natural compounds are facing the development of cancer resistance. Many experimental data and clinical trials have shown that combinatorial treatment could be an efficient solution for some resistance problems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of combining prodigiosin (PG), a natural compound with known anticancer properties, with the commonly used chemotherapy drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin, and paclitaxel.

Modulatory responses of physiological and biochemical status are related to drought tolerance levels in peanut cultivars.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the fourth most cultivated oilseed in the world, but its cultivation is subject to fluctuations in water demand. Current studies of tolerance between cultivars and physiological mechanisms involved in plant recovery after drought are insufficient for selection of tolerant cultivars.

study of electronic, elastic, thermodynamic, photocatalytic properties of double antiperovskite, CsAgBiX (X = Cl, Br, I).

In this paper, we use density functional theory (DFT) using full-potential linearized augmented plan wave plus local orbital method (FP-LAPW + lo). The structural, electronic, optical, photocatalytic, mechanical, vibrational, and thermodynamical behaviors of new double antiperovskite (DAP) CsAgBiX (X = Cl, Br, I) were studied. The band structure was calculated with and without spin orbit coupling (SOC).

Nanotherapy for Cancer and Biological Activities of Green Synthesized AgNPs Using Aqueous Leaves and Roots Extracts.

: Nanoparticles derived from medicinal plants are gaining attention for their diverse biological activities and potential therapeutic applications. : This study explored the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumoral, and antimicrobial properties of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous leaf and root extracts of (). The physicochemical characterizations of both biosynthesized AgNPs using the aqueous leaf extract (L-AgNPs) and root extract (R-AgNPs) were examined using UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

Synthesis, molecular modelling, and biological evaluation of novel quinoxaline derivatives for treating type II diabetes.

Quinoxalines are benzopyrazine derivatives with significant therapeutic impact in the pharmaceutical industry. They proved to be useful against inflammation, bacterial, fungal, viral infection, diabetes and other applications. Very recently, in January 2024, the FDA approved new quinoxaline containing drug, erdafitinib for treatment of certain carcinomas.

Corrigendum: Role of dietary fiber and lifestyle modification in gut health and sleep quality.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.

Assessing the COX-2/PGE2 Ratio and Anti-Nucleosome Autoantibodies as Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Using Combined ROC Curves to Improve Diagnostic Values.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by restricted and repetitive behaviors as well as difficulties with social interaction. Numerous studies have revealed aberrant lipid mediators and autoimmunity as a recognized etiological cause of ASD that is amenable to therapeutic intervention. In this study, the relationship between the relative cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 ratio (COX-2/PGE2) as a lipid mediator marker and anti-nucleosome autoantibodies as an autoimmunity marker of ASD was investigated using multiple regression and combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.

Advances in MXene-based technologies for the remediation of toxic phenols: A comprehensive review.

The pressing global issue of organic pollutants, particularly phenolic compounds derived primarily from industrial wastes, poses a significant threat to the environment. Although progress has been made in the development of low-cost materials for phenolic compound removal, their effectiveness remains limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel technologies to comprehensively address this issue.

Combining Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies, Anti-Histone, and PLA2/COX Biomarkers to Increase Their Diagnostic Accuracy for Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Oxidative stress may be a critical link between mitochondrial dysfunction and ASD as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from pro-oxidant environmental toxicants and activated immune cells can result in mitochondrial failure. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction, autoimmunity, and abnormal lipid mediators have been identified in multiple investigations as an acknowledged etiological mechanism of ASD that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.

Highly sensitive sensing of CO and HF gases by monolayer CuCl.

Using a first-principles approach, the adsorption characteristics of CO and HF on a CuCl monolayer (ML) are studied with Grimme-scheme DFT-D2 for accurate description of the long-range (van der Waals) interactions. According to our study, CO gas molecules undergo chemisorption and HF gas molecules show a physisorption phenomenon on the CuCl monolayer. The adsorption energy for CO is -1.

Effective Soybean Oil Degumming by Immobilized Phospholipases A from Venom.

Enzymatic degumming utilizing phospholipase enzymes could be used in ecologically friendly procedures with enhanced oil recovery yields. In this study, two phospholipases A of group I and II, WaPLA-I and WaPLA-II, from the snake venom of Saudi were evaluated for soybean oil degumming after being immobilized on three different support materials (calcium alginate (CA), CA-gelatin (CAG), and CA-chitosan (CAC), and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde). Higher yields of CAC-immobilized PLA-I (85 ± 3%) and PLA-II (87 ± 3.

Investigation of heavy metals uptake in root-shoot of native plant species adjoining wastewater channels.

Metal pollution in water, soil, and vegetation is an emerging environmental issue. Therefore, this study investigated the abundance of heavy metals (HMs) within roots and shoots of native plant species i.e.

Occurrence of toxic elements in river areas along drains and groundwater resources: source of contamination and associated health risk.

The objective of the current research was to examine the water quality of the River Ravi and the River Sutlej, with a specific focus on potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Additionally, we sought to monitor the sources of pollution in these rivers by gathering samples from the primary drains that carry industrial and municipal waste into these water bodies. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of PTEs in surface water on groundwater quality by collecting groundwater samples from nearby populated areas.

Role of dietary fiber and lifestyle modification in gut health and sleep quality.

Dietary fiber has an immense role in the gut microbiome by modulating juvenile growth, immune system maturation, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Lifestyle changes might disrupt gut microbiota symbiosis, leading to various chronic diseases with underlying inflammatory conditions, obesity, and its associated pathologies. An interventional study of 16 weeks examined the impact of psyllium husk fiber with and without lifestyle modification on gut health and sleep quality in people with central obesity (men = 60 and women = 60), those aged from 40 to 60 years, those having WC ≥ 90 cm (men) and WC ≥ 80 cm (women), and no history of any chronic disease or regular medication.

Novel Stable Protease Inhibitor from Flowers with Antimicrobial and Antitumoral Activities.

A novel protease inhibitor isolated from date palm flowers (PIDF) was purified and characterized. A heat and acidic treatment step followed by ethanol precipitation and reverse-phase high-performance chromatography was applied to purify this natural protease inhibitor to homogeneity with a single band of about 19 kDa. The stability study depicted that PIDF was fully stable at 40 °C and retained 65% of its initial activity after heating at 50 °C for 24 h.

leaves extract mitigates cadmium induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of antioxidants, inflammatory markers and Nrf-2 signaling in mice.

Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that results in many toxic issues. showed potential pharmaceutical applications. This study investigated the possible ameliorative mechanism of leaves extract (UPLE) against hepatotoxicity induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl) in mice.

Fractionation and Characterization of Metallic Elements in Soils in Land Use Systems.

Land use has a great impact on soil dynamics. The soils of various land use systems in Central Karakoram have been under immense pressure in the recent past due to certain anthropogenic activities such as land use practices and land use cover changes. These influences have an impact on the spatial distribution of metallic elements (MEs) in the soils of various land uses.

Efficient performance of InP and InP/ZnS quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of toxic aquatic pollutants.

In recent years, the growing concern over the presence of toxic aquatic pollutants has prompted intensive research into effective and environmentally friendly remediation methods. Photocatalysis using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has developed as a promising technology for pollutant degradation. Among various QD materials, indium phosphide (InP) and its hybrid with zinc sulfide (ZnS) have gained considerable attention due to their unique optical and photocatalytic properties.

Application of manganese oxide-based materials for arsenic removal: A review.

In the context of growing arsenic (As) contamination in the world, there is an urgent need for an effective treatment approach to remove As from the environment. Industrial wastewater is one of the primary sources of As contamination, which poses significant risks to both microorganisms and human health, as the presence of As can disrupt the vital processes and synthesis of crucial macromolecules in living organisms. The global apprehension regarding As presence in aquatic environments persists as a key environmental issue.

Assessment of heavy metals among auto workers in metropolitan city: a case study.

In recent decades, heavy metals (HMs) have emerged as a global health concern. Unfortunately, in Pakistan, there is a general lack of awareness regarding the potential health risks associated with HMs pollution among automobile workers. Herein, we investigated the concentration of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) among automobile workers who were occupationally exposed in Mingora City, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Involvement of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Hypomethylation in Transgenerational Nephrotoxicity Induced in Rats by the Mycotoxin Fumonisin B1.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by , is one of the most common pollutants in natural foods and agricultural crops. It can cause chronic and severe health issues in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transgenerational effects of FB1 exposure on the structure and function of the kidneys in offspring.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New 3-Aryl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1)-ones and 3-Aryl-2-(benzylthio)quinazolin-4(3)-ones as Antioxidants; COX-2, LDHA, α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitors; and Anti-Colon Carcinoma and Apoptosis-Inducing Agents.

Oxidative stress, COX-2, LDHA and hyperglycemia are interlinked contributing pathways in the etiology, progression and metastasis of colon cancer. Additionally, dysregulated apoptosis in cells with genetic alternations leads to their progression in malignant transformation. Therefore, quinazolinones - and - were synthesized and evaluated as antioxidants, enzymes inhibitors and cytotoxic agents against LoVo and HCT-116 cells.