Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes.

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, significantly impacting maternal and fetal health. Its global prevalence is approximately 14%, with risk factors including obesity, family history of diabetes, advanced maternal age, and ethnicity, which are linked to cellular and molecular disruptions in glucose regulation and insulin resistance. GD is associated with short- and long-term complications for both the mother and the newborn.

Plant versus local soil inorganic ionic composition: The relationship to biomass smoke.

We examine the relationship between soil and plant inorganic chemical composition as a precursor to biomass smoke aerosol particle (PM) properties in desert landscapes of the Southwestern United States. Past work underscored the importance of plant species and in particular the dependence of smoke PM water uptake on the water-soluble inorganics important in select plant species (e.g.

Absolute measurement of electron-cloud density in a positively charged particle beam.

Clouds of stray electrons are ubiquitous in particle accelerators and frequently limit the performance of storage rings. Earlier measurements of electron energy distribution and flux to the walls provided only a relative electron-cloud density. We have measured electron accumulation using ions expelled by the beam.

Pathologic findings and association of Mycobacterium bovis infection with the bovine NRAMP1 gene in cattle from herds with naturally occurring tuberculosis.

Objective: To determine necropsy and Mycobacterium bovis culture results in cattle from herds with tuberculosis, the role of the bovine NRAMP1 gene in resistance and susceptibility to infection with M bovis, and the association between magnitude of the tuberculous lesions and various types of M bovis isolates.

Animals: 61 cattle from herds with tuberculosis in Texas and Mexico.

Procedure: 61 cattle were evaluated by necropsy; 59 had positive and 2 had negative caudal fold tuberculin intradermal test (CFT) results.

Failure to identify non-bovine reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis in a region with a history of infected dairy-cattle herds.

The State of Texas had the most (cumulative) tuberculous cattle herds of any state in the United States during the decade ending in 1997. Of the cumulative 18 infected herds in Texas, 12 herds were concentrated in El Paso County (designated the 'El Paso milkshed'). To identify whether non-bovine reservoirs were a source of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle in this region, an investigation was conducted on the premises of 14 dairy herds (12 tuberculous and 2 non-affected herds) between May 1995 and June 1997.

Molecular fingerprinting confirms extensive cow-to-cow intra-herd transmission of a single Mycobacterium bovis strain.

In this study we have characterized M. bovis isolates from a herd of cattle in Uvalde, Texas in which 52 of the 193 animals selected at random in 1994 from a herd of 331 were caudal fold skin-test positive. Thirty-two of 52 skin-test positive cattle had gross lesions at slaughter, and isolations of M.

Effect of tuberculosis on milk production in dairy cows.

Objective: To evaluate differences in milk production between cows with positive and negative caudal fold tuberculin test results in a Mycobacterium bovis-infected dairy herd.

Design: Cross-sectional epidemiologic survey.

Animals: 369 Holstein cows with lactation duration between 200 and 360 days.

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Texas and Mexico.

Seventy-nine Mycobacterium bovis isolates recovered from Mexican and Texas cattle were categorized into 16 and 25 distinct types on the basis of IS6110 and direct-repeat fingerprint patterns, respectively. By using a combination of both fingerprint patterns, 30 distinct restriction fragment length polymorphism types were defined. Fifty-eight of 79 isolates (73%) were distributed among nine clusters.

Facial musculoskeletal asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia.

Computer-assisted medical imaging--transaxial computed tomography (CT) scans and three-dimensional surface reconstructions--was used to study the muscles of mastication and their osseous origins and insertions in 24 patients with untreated unilateral hemifacial microsomia (HFM). The relationship between the volume of a muscle of mastication and the shape and size of its origin and insertion in such patients varies widely. Comparison of mean volumes of specific muscles documents a statistically significant decrease among patients who have moderate to marked mandibular dysmorphology as compared with those with minimally dysmorphic mandibles.

[Percutaneous catheterization of the superior vena cava system, using the large veins at the base of the neck].

Catheterization of the superior caval system by punctioning of the subclavial vein, or of the deep jugular vein, has many positive aspects. Confronting the data from the literature with their own experience the authors discuss the results obtained in a total of 1884 catheterizations of this type.