Palatal Actinomycosis: Re-emergence of an Ancient Pathology.

Palatal actinomycosis is a rare chronic infectious disease primarily caused by Actinomyces species. Here, we present case reports of two immunocompromised patients with palatal actinomycosis. This paper highlights the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and potential complications.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Salivary Gland Lesions with Histopathological Examination (HPE) Correlation in a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India.

This study aimed to determine the diagnostic yield of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in salivary gland lesions compared to histopathological diagnosis. The present study was done on patients above 18 years of age, with a palpable swelling, who are clinically diagnosed as salivary gland lesions were evaluated. A total of 31 patients were evaluated in this study.

Nonprescription sale of schedule H1 antibiotics in a city of South India.

Context: The acquisition of antibiotic without a prescription by the general population is a typical practice found in community pharmacies across India, which is a notable contributor of antimicrobial resistance. According to the present regulation in India, sale of certain antimicrobials included in schedule H1 without prescription is unlawful. In this contest, a program was organized by the Drug Control Administration, Government of Andhra Pradesh, to educate pharmacists regarding schedule H1.

Systemic immunosuppressive therapies for uveitis in developing countries.

There are multiple approaches to inhibit inflammatory molecules and pathways in noninfectious uveitis. The cornerstone of local and systemic anti-inflammatory treatment is corticosteroid therapy. Corticosteroids remain the most potent and efficacious drugs for treating intraocular inflammation.

Observer-masked trial comparing efficacy of topical olopatadine (0.1%), bepotastine (1.5%), and alcaftadine (0.25%) in mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis.

Purpose: With increasing environmental pollution, the incidence of allergic conjunctivitis is increasing. Newer anti-allergic medications with combined anti-histaminic and mast cell stabilization action can help reducing the use of topical steroids for milder form of disease. There is no study directly comparing olopatadine (0.

Quality-of-Life Outcomes From a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Antimetabolites for Intermediate, Posterior, and Panuveitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in quality of life in noninfectious uveitis patients treated with 2 of the most commonly prescribed antimetabolite treatments.

Design: Secondary analysis of a multicenter, block-randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Eighty patients at Aravind Eye Hospitals in Madurai and Coimbatore, India, with noninfectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis were randomized to receive oral methotrexate, 25 mg weekly, or oral mycophenolate mofetil, 1 g twice daily, and were followed up monthly for 6 months.

A Bayesian Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Antimetabolite Therapies for Non-Infectious Uveitis.

Purpose: To conduct a Bayesian analysis of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) for non-infectious uveitis using expert opinion as a subjective prior belief.

Methods: A RCT was conducted to determine which antimetabolite, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil, is more effective as an initial corticosteroid-sparing agent for the treatment of intermediate, posterior, and pan-uveitis. Before the release of trial results, expert opinion on the relative effectiveness of these two medications was collected via online survey.

Outcomes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: A Subanalysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial of Antimetabolite Therapies.

Purpose: To report outcomes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease from a clinical trial of antimetabolite therapies.

Design: Subanalysis from an observer-masked randomized clinical trial for noninfectious intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis.

Methods: setting: Clinical practice at Aravind Eye Hospitals, India.

A randomized clinical trial comparing methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil for noninfectious uveitis.

Objective: To compare the relative effectiveness of methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil for noninfectious intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, or panuveitis.

Design: Multicenter, block-randomized, observer-masked clinical trial.

Participants: Eighty patients with noninfectious intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis requiring corticosteroid-sparing therapy at Aravind Eye Hospitals in Madurai and Coimbatore, India.

Algorithmic approach in the diagnosis of uveitis.

Uveitis is caused by disorders of diverse etiologies including wide spectrum of infectious and non-infectious causes. Often clinical signs are less specific and shared by different diseases. On several occasions, uveitis represents diseases that are developing elsewhere in the body and ocular signs may be the first evidence of such systemic diseases.

Effect of ethanol extract of Trigonella foenum graecum (Fenugreek) seeds on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats.

Trigonella foenum graecum is an Iranian medicinal plant used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial outcome of the plant T. foenum graecum on adjuvant-induced arthritis in albino rats.

Influence of Momordica charantia on oxidative stress-induced perturbations in brain monoamines and plasma corticosterone in albino rats.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antistress activity of Momordica charantia (MC) fruit extract on stress-induced changes in albino rats and also to explore attenuating effects of MC on in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat brain.

Materials And Methods: In this study, Wistar albino rats (180-200 g) were used. Plasma corticosterone and monoamines-5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) in cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus regions of brain were determined in animals under different stressful conditions.

Intermediate uveitis.

Intermediate uveitis (IU) is described as inflammation in the anterior vitreous, ciliary body and the peripheral retina. In the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) working group's international workshop for reporting clinical data the consensus reached was that the term IU should be used for that subset of uveitis where the vitreous is the major site of the inflammation and if there is an associated infection (for example, Lyme disease) or systemic disease (for example, sarcoidosis). The diagnostic term pars planitis should be used only for that subset of IU where there is snow bank or snowball formation occurring in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease (that is, "idiopathic").

Congenital bilateral sternocleidomastoid contracture: a case report.

Unilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle contracture causing torticollis and other secondary deformities such as facial scoliosis, plagiocephaly and scoliosis of cervical spine are well known. The aetiology and pathogenesis is still intriguing. Although unilateral contracture of sternocleidomastoid is seen quite often, bilateral sternocleidomastoid contracture is almost unheard of.

Compartment syndrome in a free fibula osteocutaneous flap donor site.

Donor site morbidity for free fibula microvascular flaps is generally reported to be low and considered to be minor. We describe a case where the major complication of compartment syndrome occurred in a 15-year-old boy when the donor site defect was closed primarily after taking a skin paddle with a width of 4 cm. We recommend that when harvesting free fibula flaps in children, skin grafting of donor site should be considered irrespective of the width of the flap, if there is any doubt about the tightness of the closure.

Vertebro-carotid anastomosis as a cause of uncontrollable epistaxis.

Uncontrolled epistaxis may require a long hospital stay, multiple blood transfusions and multiple arterial ligations. This case report highlights vertebro-carotid anastomosis as a rare cause of uncontrolled epistaxis. The importance of angiography in the identification of rare arterial anastomoses is stressed.