Machine learning algorithms to predict treatment success for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Despite advancements in detection and treatment, tuberculosis (TB), an infectious illness caused by the Mycobacterium TB bacteria, continues to pose a serious threat to world health. The TB diagnosis phase includes a patient's medical history, physical examination, chest X-rays, and laboratory procedures, such as molecular testing and sputum culture. In artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) is an advanced study of statistical algorithms that can learn from historical data and generalize the results to unseen data.

Engineering biotin anchored-MWCNTs as a superb carrier for facile delivery of the potent Ru(II)-N^N scaffold in breast cancer cells.

Ru(II)-complexes have been recognised as promising in treating cancer. However, targeted delivery is an important facet to augment the efficiency of drugs. Consequently, this article portrays the construction of biotinylated-MWCNTs as an SMVT-guided nano-platform for the precise delivery of our previously-developed potent Ru(II)-scaffold, making it more effective against MCF-7 cells.

Utility of MALDI-TOF MS for determination of species identity and blood meal sources of primary malaria vectors on the Kenyan coast.

Background: Protein analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) represents a promising tool for entomological surveillance. In this study we tested the discriminative power of this tool for measuring species and blood meal source of main Afrotropical malaria vectors on the Kenyan coast.

Methods: Mosquito collections were conducted along the coastal region of Kenya.

Re(I)[2-aryl-1-imidazo[4,5-][1,10]phenanthroline] tricarbonyl chloride complexes for selective cancer therapy a potential DNA damage mechanism.

Recently, achieving selective cancer therapy with trifling side effects has been a great challenge in the eradication of cancer. Thus, to amplify the cytoselective approach of complexes, herein, we developed a series of Re(I)[2-aryl-1-imidazo[4,5-][1,10]phenanthroline] tricarbonyl chloride complexes and screened their potency against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines together with the evaluation of their toxicity towards a normal kidney cell line (HEK-293). On meticulous investigation, complex [Re(CO)Cl(K-,-(2c))] (3c) was found to be the most potent anticancer entity among other complexes.

Bone mineral metabolism and different indices of skeletal health of Ladakhi women living at high altitude.

Objectives: High altitude possesses a great challenge for human survival owing to low oxygen tension and has been reported to cause bone deterioration among sojourns of high altitude. The bone health of Ladakhi women is investigated for the first time in this study.

Methods: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of Ladakhi women and sea level women was done at the radius and calcaneus using EXA-3000 (Osteosys, Korea), followed by colorimetric and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay analysis of parameters regulating bone health.

A field bioassay for assessing ivermectin bio-efficacy in wild malaria vectors.

Background: Ivermectin (IVM) mass drug administration is a candidate complementary malaria vector control tool. Ingestion of blood from IVM treated hosts results in reduced survival in mosquitoes. Estimating bio-efficacy of IVM on wild-caught mosquitoes requires they ingest the drug in a blood meal either through a membrane or direct feeding on a treated host.

Effects of larval exposure to sublethal doses of ivermectin on adult fitness and susceptibility to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Background: The effects of ivermectin (endectocide) on mosquito survival make it a potential new malaria vector control tool. The drug can be administered to mosquito disease vectors through blood hosts that include humans and livestock. Its increased use may cause contamination of larval habitats, either directly through livestock excreta or indirectly through leaching or run-off from contaminated soil, albeit in sublethal doses.

Malaria vector bionomics in Taita-Taveta County, coastal Kenya.

Background: Estimation of the composition and densities of mosquito species populations is crucial for monitoring the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases and provide information on local vectors to public health officials and policy-makers. The aim of this study was to evaluate malaria vector bionomics in ecologically distinct sites in Taita-Taveta County, Kenya.

Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected using backpack aspirators and paired indoor/outdoor CDC light traps in 10 randomly selected households in six villages with distinct ecologies over a study period of 3 years.

Efficacy of diode lasers in oral verrucous hyperplasia: A case series.

Oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is a potentially malignant lesion that may transform into an oral cancer. Cases without local metastases can be conservatively managed with local excision, laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, etc. The aim of this article is to present a case series showing treatment outcomes of OVH excised with laser.

Microbiology of diabetic foot osteomyelitis - Is it geographically variable?

Introduction: Diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is a dreaded complication as both diagnosis and treatment of the condition is laborious. However, for proper decision on antibiotics in medical management of DFO, accurate determination of microbes is necessary to narrow the spectrum of coverage and to reduce adverse effects of long-term administration of antibiotics. With differing pattern of use of antimicrobials and their resistance pattern in different countries, it is empirical to determine the microbiological characteristics of bone cultures in DFO from a referral institute in South India.

He hit me; but it's okay! Female submissiveness in marital abuse: A review in Indian context.

India, a country with manifold multicultural bonds and relationships often witnesses a gross number of conflicted marital relationships. The plight in the frequency of marital abuse reporting in India has called gross public health attention globally. Multiple factors contribute to this arena in which, when we analyse can find out females submissiveness to report and or react to such kind of abusive incidences.

2,2'-Bipyrimidine-based luminescent Ru(ii)/Ir(iii)-arene monometallic and homo- and hetero-bimetallic complexes for therapy against MDA-MB-468 and caco-2 cells.

To unearth suitable complexes that are capable of inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-468 and Caco-2 cells, 2,2'-bipyrimidine-based luminescent Ru(ii)/Ir(iii)-arene monometallic and homo- and hetero-bimetallic complexes were synthesized. The complex [(η-p-cymene)(η-Cp*)RuIrCl(K-N,N-bipyrimidine)](PF) [LRuIr] exhibited the best potency in both cells along with good GSH stability and strong binding efficacy with the biomolecules. The apoptotic event occurred in MDA-MB-468 cancer cells via cell cycle arrest.

Unified, simple and decentralized treatment process for synthetic and real-time dye contaminated wastewaters.

The aim of this study is to develop a simple, economical and effective treatment scheme to treat effluents from small scale textile dyeing units and tanneries, which have been set up in rural areas. The physicochemical properties of real time effluents procured from these industries were analysed. The workflow required for treating these effluents were ascertained by preliminary tests carried out on synthetically created solutions.

A case of premature and recurrent myocardial infarction associated with ABCA.1 gene mutation.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most important cause of cardiovascular death and when premature, it affects the most productive population of the community. Premature CHD usually has a specific etiology, which on diagnosis, might help in the secondary prevention in that individual. We report a case of young adult with recurrent myocardial infarction, who on evaluation had mildly reduced HDL and Protein C levels with elevated serum homocysteine.

Preparation of black lyophilic ink using the carbon soot emitted by vehicles.

The carbon soot is formed as a consequence of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons and organic matter. It causes respiratory diseases like lung cancer and asthma and contributes to 1.6 million premature deaths every year.

Luminescent bis(benzo[]thiazolyl)quinoxaline: facile synthesis, nucleic acid and protein BSA interaction, live-cell imaging, biopharmaceutical research and cancer theranostic application.

A series of quinoxaline-2-hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole scaffolds were synthesized and characterized using NMR, UV, fluorescence spectroscopy and LCMS. These newly synthesized compounds were found to be cytotoxic in human epithelioid cervix carcinoma (HeLa) and human colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2). Selectivity of the compounds 7e and 7g are more than 9 fold higher in Caco-2 cells with respect to the normal cell line HEK-293.

Evaluating the expression of p16 and p27 in oral epithelial dysplasias and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A diagnostic marker for carcinogenesis.

Objective: Immunohistochemical evaluation of the degree of expression of p16 and p27 in oral epithelial dysplasia and different histological grades oral squamous carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: The study consisted of 5 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 5 cases of low-risk potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), 5 cases of high-risk PMDs and 5 cases of normal epithelium. Five micrometer thickness sections on a positively charged slide were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for the localization of p16 and p27.

Three-in-one type fluorescent sensor based on a pyrene pyridoxal cascade for the selective detection of Zn(ii), hydrogen phosphate and cysteine.

A novel fluorescent receptor L was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of 1-pyrenemethylamine with the vitamin B cofactor pyridoxal. The receptor L is highly selective and sensitive towards Zn ions among other tested metal ions. Upon interaction with Zn, the receptor L showed a distinct fluorescence enhancement at 485 nm due to the excimer formation leading to the fluorescent colour change from blue to bluish-green.