Distal teat amputation for distal papillary canal injuries in lactating dairy cows.

Objective: The objectives were to describe a distal teat amputation and determine the long-term outcomes in dairy cows.

Methods: This retrospective study examined medical records of 22 lactating dairy cows admitted to the Farm Animal Hospital from 2015 to 2021 for distal teat and papillary canal injuries that received a distal teat amputation as the sole surgical treatment. Long-term follow-up was obtained from the Canadian Dairy Network (CDN) and milk producers to determine whether the cows remained in the herd and identify whether any factors affected this outcome.

Rectal prolapse secondary to a urachal abscess in an alpaca cria.

A five-month-old alpaca cria presented with a history of abdominal pain, dysuria, and a recurring rectal prolapse. An ultrasonographic examination indicated a urachal abscess attached to the urinary bladder. The abscess was removed surgically, and the patient had an adequate recovery after the procedure and ancillary treatment.

Admission lactate concentration has predictive value for death or severe complications within 30 days after admission in cattle with long-bone fractures.

Objective: To determine the prognostic value of lactate concentration measurements at admission in cattle with long-bone fractures.

Animals: 43 cattle with long-bone fractures between July 2016 and Dec 2018.

Procedures: In this prospective cohort study, lactate concentration was measured in systemic venous blood and locally in capillary blood sampled from the fractured and contralateral limbs of cattle and assessed for outcome prediction.

Descriptive study of a method for identification of the pylorus by ultrasound in lactating Holstein cows.

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for identification of the pylorus, in lactating Holstein cows, based on ultrasound examination and the use of external anatomical landmarks such as the mammary vein . An ultrasound method based on successive identification of 4 internal anatomical landmarks was developed. The procedure was performed 157 times, on clinically healthy lactating Holstein cows, with a portable ultrasound machine equipped with a 3.

Survival and prognostic indicators in downer dairy cows presented to a referring hospital: A retrospective study (1318 cases).

Background: Downer cow syndrome, a common problem in dairy cattle, represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the attending veterinarian. Identifying prognostic indicators and assessing the odds of survival may improve the accuracy of the clinician's prognosis at the time of diagnosis.

Objective: To describe a population of downer dairy cows referred to a hospital and investigate predictors of outcome.

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome for cattle that developed retroperitoneal abscesses following paralumbar fossa laparotomy: 32 cases (1995-2017).

Objective: To describe the clinical and clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and outcome for cattle that developed a retroperitoneal abscess (RA) following paralumbar fossa laparotomy (PFL).

Animals: 32 Holstein cows with RA.

Procedures: The record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched to identify cattle that were treated for an RA between January 1995 and March 2017.

Abomasitis in calves: A retrospective cohort study of 23 cases (2006-2016).

Background: Abomasitis is a syndrome affecting young milk-fed calves. The current veterinary literature describes mainly its necropsy findings.

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation, complementary tests, treatments, and case-fatality rate of calves with a clinical diagnosis of abomasitis and to identify potential factors associated with outcome.

Pharyngeal trauma in dairy cattle: 27 cases.

Background: Characterization of the clinical signs, response to treatment and prognosis can be useful information for decision-making when evaluating cattle with pharyngeal trauma.

Objective: To describe the signalment, history, clinicopathologic, endoscopic, ultrasonographic, radiographic, and postmortem findings as well as treatments and outcomes of cattle diagnosed with pharyngeal perforation/trauma.

Animals: Review of medical records of cattle >1 month of age admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1995 to 2017.

Cheek teeth apical infection in cattle: Diagnosis, surgical extraction, and prognosis.

Objective: To report the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of cattle undergoing surgical extraction of apically infected cheek teeth (CT).

Study Design: Short case series.

Animals: Nine adult cattle.

Survival associated with cerebrospinal fluid analysis in downer adult dairy cows: A retrospective study (2006-2014).

Background: Threshold values for total nucleated cell count (TNCC) and protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of downer dairy cows suggestive of a spinal cord lesion were recently published.

Objectives: Determine short- and long-term survival of downer cows that underwent CSF analysis using the reported threshold values. Evaluate the prognostic value of these threshold values to predict short- and long-term survival.

Radiographic Study of Haematogenous Septic Arthritis in Dairy Calves.

Objectives:  (1) To develop an evaluation grid to provide a systematic interpretation of calves' articular radiographs, (2) to describe radiographic lesions of septic arthritis in dairy calves less than 6 months of age, (3) to investigate potential associations between demographic data or synovial bacteriological culture results and radiographic lesions (4) to determine whether an association is present between radiographic lesions, their severity and the long-term outcome.

Methods:  Medical records of 54 calves less than 180 days old treated for septic arthritis between 2009 and 2014 with radiographic images performed in the first 2 days after admission were reviewed.

Results:  Most common radiographic findings were increased articular joint space height ( = 49), irregularity of the articular surfaces ( = 24) and subchondral bone lysis ( = 24).

Clinical findings and diagnostic test results for calves with septic arthritis: 64 cases (2009-2014).

OBJECTIVE To describe clinical findings and diagnostic test results and identify potential prognostic indicators for calves with septic arthritis. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 64 calves with septic arthritis.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Recumbent Adult Dairy Cows With or Without Spinal Cord Lesions.

Background: Diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in recumbent dairy cattle (RDC) is challenging because neurologic examination is limited and medical imaging often is challenging or unrewarding. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is useful in the diagnosis of CNS disorders in cattle. However, its utility in identifying spinal cord lesions in RDC remains to be evaluated.

Arthroscopic approach and intra-articular anatomy of the dorsal and plantar synovial compartments of the bovine tarsocrural joint.

Objective: To determine arthroscopic approaches to the dorsal and plantar synovial compartments of the tarsocrural joint in adult cattle, and to describe the arthroscopic intra-articular anatomy from each approach.

Study Design: Ex vivo study.

Animals: Fresh adult bovine cadavers (n = 7).

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS-TRAUMATIC ABOMASITIS CAUSED BY FOREIGN BODIES IN A COW.

A 2-year-old Holstein cow presented with a history of colic signs of 3 days' duration that had not responded to routine medical therapy. Physical examination findings were consistent with tachycardia and colic. Ultrasonographic examination of the abomasum revealed a thin hyperechoic line producing a cone shadow.

Outcome Following Partial Unilateral Hysterectomy by Standing Flank Approach in Dairy Cattle.

Objective: To describe the clinical findings, surgical treatment, and long-term outcome of dairy cattle undergoing partial hysterectomy with or without unilateral ovariectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Dairy cattle (n = 7).

Long-term mechanical milking status of lacerated teat repaired surgically in cattle: 67 cases (2003-2013).

This study evaluated the long-term prognosis of return to normal mechanical milking after reconstructive teat surgery and determined the factors that have an impact on the outcome. A retrospective study of 67 dairy cows with teat lacerations was performed. Milking status at discharge and at long-term follow-up was adequate for 83% and 75% of the cows, respectively.

Dorsal Arthroscopic Approach and Intra-Articular Anatomy of the Bovine Antebrachiocarpal and Middle Carpal Joints.

Objective: To determine arthroscopic approaches to the dorsal synovial compartments of the antebrachiocarpal and middle carpal joints in adult cattle, and to describe the arthroscopic intra-articular anatomy from each approach.

Study Design: Ex vivo study.

Animals: Six fresh adult bovine cadavers.

Ultrasonography of the Tympanic Bullae and Larynx in Cattle.

Diseases of the middle ear or the larynx are not numerous in cattle but their diagnosis can be challenging for veterinary practitioners in the field. This article presents the ultrasonography of these 2 anatomic structures in order to provide new diagnostic tools to veterinary practitioners in the field. Brief anatomic reminders are first reported.

Surgical Management of Omphalophlebitis and Long Term Outcome in Calves: 39 Cases (2008-2013).

Objective: To describe and evaluate the surgical management of omphalophlebitis and to report the short and long term outcomes in calves.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Calves (n = 39).

Surgical Correction of Traumatic Lateral Patellar Luxation.

Objective: To report successful surgical repair of a grade IV lateral patellar luxation in a 437-kg heifer.

Study Design: Case report.

Animal: Seventeen-month-old Holstein heifer (437 kg).

Validation of an ultrasound imaging technique of the tympanic bullae for the diagnosis of otitis media in calves.

Background: Otitis media is a common disease in calves that can be subclinical, making antemortem on-farm diagnosis challenging.

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography of tympanic bullae for the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical otitis media and to evaluate the reproducibility of the technique.

Animals: Forty calves 19-50 days of age were selected from a veal calf farm.

Description of thoracoscopy and associated short-term cardiovascular and pulmonary effects in healthy cattle.

Objective: To describe the optimal thoracoscopic approach to the bovine pleural cavity and evaluate the short-term effects of thoracoscopy on cardiovascular and pulmonary function of healthy cattle.

Sample: 6 healthy adult Holstein cows (12 hemithoraxes).

Procedures: For each cow, thoracoscopy was performed in both the left and right hemithoraxes with a 24-hour interval between procedures.

Laryngeal obstruction caused by lymphoma in an adult dairy cow.

A Holstein cow was presented for inspiratory dyspnea. Endoscopic evaluation revealed swollen arytenoids and a presumptive diagnosis of bilateral arytenoidal chondritis was made. A partial arytenoidectomy was performed, the right arytenoid was submitted for histopathology, and a diagnosis of laryngeal lymphoma was made.