The role of histone deacetylases in embryonic development.

The basic units of chromatin are nucleosomes, that are made up of DNA wrapped around histone cores. Histone lysine residue is a common location for posttranslational modifications, with acetylation being the second most prevalent. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs/KATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs/KDACs) regulate histone acetylation, which is important in gene expression control.

Stacking herbicide detoxification and resistant genes improves glyphosate tolerance and reduces phytotoxicity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Glyphosate residues retained in the growing meristematic tissues or in grains of glyphosate-resistant crops affect the plants physiological functions and crop yield. Removing glyphosate residues in the plants is desirable with no penalty on crop yield and quality. We report a new combination of scientific strategy to detoxify glyphosate that reduces the residual levels and improve crop resistance.

Identification of potent HDAC 2 inhibitors using E-pharmacophore modelling, structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation.

Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC 2) of class I HDACs plays a major role in embryonic and neural developments. However, HDAC 2 overexpression triggers cell proliferation by diverse mechanisms in cancer. Over the decades, many pan and class-specific inhibitors of HDAC were discovered.

Histone deacetylase 2 selective inhibitors: A versatile therapeutic strategy as next generation drug target in cancer therapy.

Acetylation and deacetylation of histone and several non-histone proteins are the two important processes amongst the different modes of epigenetic modulation that are involved in regulating cancer initiation and development. Abnormal expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is often reported in various types of cancers. Few pan HDAC inhibitors have been approved for use as therapeutic interventions for cancer treatment including vorinostat, belinostat and panobinostat.

Correction: Photoactive, antimicrobial CeO decorated AlOOH/PEI hybrid nanocomposite: a multifunctional catalytic-sorbent for lignin and organic dye.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C6RA07836B.].

Aldo-keto reductase-1 (AKR1) protect cellular enzymes from salt stress by detoxifying reactive cytotoxic compounds.

Cytotoxic compounds like reactive carbonyl compounds such as methylglyoxal (MG), melandialdehyde (MDA), besides the ROS accumulate significantly at higher levels under salinity stress conditions and affect lipids and proteins that inhibit plant growth and productivity. The detoxification of these cytotoxic compounds by overexpression of NADPH-dependent Aldo-ketoreductase (AKR1) enzyme enhances the salinity stress tolerance in tobacco. The PsAKR1 overexpression plants showed higher survival and chlorophyll content and reduced MDA, H2O2, and MG levels under NaCl stress.

Overexpression of EcbHLH57 Transcription Factor from Eleusine coracana L. in Tobacco Confers Tolerance to Salt, Oxidative and Drought Stress.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors constitute one of the largest families in plants and are known to be involved in various developmental processes and stress tolerance. We report the characterization of a stress responsive bHLH transcription factor from stress adapted species finger millet which is homologous to OsbHLH57 and designated as EcbHLH57. The full length sequence of EcbHLH57 consisted of 256 amino acids with a conserved bHLH domain followed by leucine repeats.

Parotid lymphoepithelial cysts in human immunodeficiency virus: a review.

Background: Many patients with human immunodeficiency virus present with atypical features. Early indicators of human immunodeficiency virus are scarce and hence most affected patients are diagnosed in the later stages of the disease, which is associated with poor prognosis. Salivary gland disease usually develops before acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and is sometimes the first manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Co-expression of AtbHLH17 and AtWRKY28 confers resistance to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis.

Stress adaptation in plants involves altered expression of many genes through complex signaling pathways. To achieve the optimum expression of downstream functional genes, we expressed AtbHLH17 (AtAIB) and AtWRKY28 TFs which are known to be upregulated under drought and oxidative stress, respectively in Arabidopsis. Multigene expression cassette with these two TFs and reporter gene GUS was developed using modified gateway cloning strategy.

Processing fly ash stabilized hydrogen titanate nano-sheets for industrial dye-removal application.

We report a new method for the processing of fly ash (FA) stabilized hydrogen titanate nano-sheets in the form of aggregated microspheres. The industrial silica-based FA has been utilized for this purpose which has been surface-modified by coating with the anatase-titania (TiO(2)) via sol-gel. The anatase-TiO(2) coated FA particles are subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in an autoclave under high temperature and pressure conditions in a highly alkaline solution.

4-Chloro-N-(2-chloro-phen-yl)-2-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(13)H(11)Cl(2)NO(2)S, the conformations of the N-C bond in the C-SO(2)-NH-C segment are trans and gauche with respect to the S=O bonds. The C-S(O(2))-N(H)-C torsion angle is 74.8 (4)°, indicating that the mol-ecule is bent at the S atom.

2,4-Dimethyl-N-phenyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

The asymmetric unit of the crystal structure of the title compound, C(14)H(15)NO(2)S, contains two mol-ecules. The conformations of the N-C bonds in the C-SO(2)-NH-C segments of the structure have trans and gauche torsion angles with the S=O bonds. Furthermore, the torsion angles of the C-SO(2)-NH-C groups in the two mol-ecules are 46.

4-Chloro-2-methyl-N-phenyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(13)H(12)ClNO(2)S, with similar conformations. The orientations of the ortho-methyl groups in the sulfonyl benzene rings are in the direction of the N-H bonds of the sulfonamide groups. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are each linked into centrosymmetric dimers through N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and packed into a layered structure diagonally in the bc plane.

N-(2,3-Dimethyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(14)H(15)NO(2)S, the amino H atom is trans to one of the O atoms of the SO(2) group. Furthermore, the N-H bond is anti to the ortho- and meta-methyl groups of the aromatic ring. The two aromatic rings are tilted relative to each other by 64.

N-(3,5-Dichloro-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(9)Cl(2)NO(2)S, the aromatic rings are aligned at 57.0 (1)°. The mol-ecules form chains via inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

3-Chloro-phenyl benzoate.

The C=O group in the title compound, C(13)H(9)ClO(2), is syn to the chloro group. The two aromatic rings are twisted by 56.88 (6)°.

4-Chloro-phenyl 4-chloro-benzoate.

The structure of the title compound (4CP4CBA), C(13)H(8)Cl(2)O(2), resembles those of 4-methyl-phenyl 4-chloro-benzoate (4MP4CBA), 4-chloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (4CP4MBA) and 4-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (4MP4MBA), with similar bond parameters. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings in 4CP4CBA is 47.98 (7)°, compared with 51.

2-Methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate.

The conformation of the C=O bond in the title compound 2MP4MBA, C(15)H(14)O(2), is anti to the ortho-methyl group in the phen-oxy ring. The bond parameters in 2MP4MBA are similar to those in 3-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (3MP4MBA), 4-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (4MP4MBA) and other aryl benzoates. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings in 2MP4MBA is 73.

2-Chloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate.

The conformation of the C=O bond in the title compound, C(14)H(11)ClO(2), is anti to the Cl atom, similar to what was observed in 2-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 59.36 (7)°.

3,5-Dichloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate.

The structure of the title compound, C(14)H(10)Cl(2)O(2), resembles those of 3-chloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate, 2,6-dichloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate and 2,4-dichloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate, with similar bond parameters. The dihedral angle between the benzene and benzoyl rings is 48.81 (6)°.

4-Chloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate.

The crystal structure of the title compound (4CP4MBA), C(14)H(11)ClO(2), resembles those of 3-chloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (3CP4MBA), 4-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (4MP4MBA), 4-methyl-phenyl 4-chloro-benzoate (4MP4CBA) and other aryl benzoates with similar bond parameters. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings in 4CP4MBA is 63.89 (8)°, compared with 71.

3-Chloro-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate.

The crystal structure of the title compound 3CP4MBA, C(14)H(11)ClO(2), resembles those of 3-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (3MP4MBA), 4-methyl-phenyl 4-methyl-benzoate (4MP4MBA), 4-methyl-phenyl 4-chloro-benzoate (4CP4MBA) and other aryl benzoates with similar bond parameters. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings in 3CP4MBA is 71.75 (7)°, compared with 56.

2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl benzoate.

The crystal structure of the title compound (24DMPBA), C(15)H(14)O(2), resembles those of 4-methyl-phenyl benzoate, 2,3-dimethyl-phenyl benzoate and other aryl benzoates, with similar bond parameters. The central -O-C-O- group in 24DMPBA makes dihedral angles of 85.81 (5) and 5.

2,3-Dimethyl-phenyl benzoate.

The structure of the title compound (23DMPBA), C(15)H(14)O(2), resembles those of phenyl benzoate (PBA), 3-methyl-phenyl benzoate (3MePBA), 2,6-dichloro-phenyl benzoate (26DC-PBA) and other aryl benzoates, with similar bond parameters. The dihedral angle between the benzene and benzoyl rings in 23DMPBA is 87.36 (6)°, compared with values of 55.