Assessment of image quality and establishment of local acceptable quality dose for computed tomography based on patient effective diameter.

Purpose: We aim to develop modified clinical indication (CI)-based image quality scoring criteria (IQSC) for assessing image quality (IQ) and establishing acceptable quality doses (AQDs) in adult computed tomography (CT) examinations, based on CIs and patient sizes.

Approach: CT images, volume CT dose index ( ), and dose length product (DLP) were collected retrospectively between September 2020 and September 2021 for eight common CIs from two CT scanners at a central hospital in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Using the modified CI-based IQSC and a Likert scale (0 to 4), three radiologists assessed the IQ of each examination.

Evaluation of Diurnal Changes of Mental Fatigue Using a New Portable Device for Visual Cognitive Evoked Potentials.

In the age homogenous group of 13 healthy volunteers, we examined visual evoked potentials (VEP) visually evoked cognitive potentials (event-related potentials - ERP) and choice reaction time (CRT) five times during the day (from 10.00 a.m.

Management of Traumatic Femur Fractures: A Focus on the Time to Intramedullary Nailing and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Femur shaft factures (FSF) are common injuries following high-energy mechanisms mainly involving motor vehicle crashes (MVC). We evaluated the timings of nailing management and analyzed the pattern of fracture union and outcome in a level 1 trauma center.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all the admitted trauma patients who sustained femoral fractures between January 2016 and September 2020.

Patient's effective dose and performance assessment of computed radiography systems.

Computed tomography is widely used for planar imaging. Previous studies showed that CR systems involve higher patient radiation doses compared to digital systems. Therefore, assessing the patient's dose and CR system performance is necessary to ensure that patients received minimal dose with the highest possible image quality.

Paediatric effective radiation doses during brain computed tomography angiography procedure.

In comparison to adults and paediatric are more sensitive to ionizing radiation exposure. Computed tomography (CT) is now the dominant source of medical radiologic tests for patients, accounting for more than 70% of total doses to the general public. Paediatric CT brain scans (with and without contrast) are routinely performed for a variety of clinical reasons.

Bilateral pelvic crescent fracture combined with left acetabular fracture: A case report.

Introduction: Crescent fracture-dislocations are subtype of lateral compression fractures of the pelvic ring, which usually occur following high-velocity impacts. Bilateral crescent fractures are rare entities, with a limited number of cases reported in the literature. Of those reported, none were combined with an acetabulum fracture.

Bilateral femoral neck fracture following a convulsion in the presence of chronic kidney disease. A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Bilateral femoral neck fractures in young adults are a rare entity. It is usually associated with pre-existing metabolic diseases, such as osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy, or hypocalcemic seizures. Hence, it is essential in such cases to look for other associated injuries following a traumatic event.

Clinical characteristics, injury pattern and management of pediatric pelvic fracture: An observational retrospective study from a level I trauma center.

Background: Pediatric pelvic fractures (PPF) are uncommon among children requiring hospitalization after blunt trauma. The present study explored our experience for the prevalence, patients demographics, clinical characteristics, injury pattern and management of pediatric pelvic fractures in a level I trauma center.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data obtained from trauma registry database for all pediatrics trauma patients of age ≤18 years.

The role of patient positioning on the outcome of acetabular fractures fixation through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach.

Background: Open reduction and internal fixation through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach is the treatment of choice for selected acetabular fracture patterns. Patient positioning (lateral vs prone) can affect the outcome and post-operative complications.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of seventy-three adult patients' with acetabular fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach in either prone or lateral position.

Ottawa Knee Rule: Investigating Use and Application in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital.

Background Knee injuries are encountered commonly in the emergency departments (EDs) in Ireland. Validated clinical decision rules such as Ottawa knee rule (OKR) can be used in acute knee injury settings to reduce the number of unnecessary radiography. Clinical judgment can be used to distinguish between suspected fractures and non-fractures in many cases; however, radiography is still routinely requested.

Patterns, management, and outcomes of traumatic pelvic fracture: insights from a multicenter study.

Background: Traumatic pelvic fracture (TPF) is a significant injury that results from high energy impact and has a high morbidity and mortality.

Purpose: We aimed to describe the epidemiology, incidence, patterns, management, and outcomes of TPF in multinational level 1 trauma centers.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with TPF between 2010 and 2016 at two trauma centers in Qatar and Germany.

Total knee arthroplasty for Ochronosis induced knee arthropathy. Case report.

Introduction: Alkaptunurea is a rare metabolic disorder with autosomal recessive genetic pattern in transmission, it is characterized by accumulation of hemogenistic acid in the tissues due to deficiency of homogentisate 1,2 dioxygenase activity. Characteristically, affected patient will have dark urine and blackish discoloration of connective tissue, especially cartilage and bone and hence it is known as black bone disease.

Presentation Of The Case: The reported case is for 49 years old gentleman, known to have hypertension, hypothyroidism and Alkaptunurea.

Prognostic Role of Shock Index in Traumatic Pelvic Fracture: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: We aimed to validate the utility of shock index (SI) in predicting the need of blood transfusion and outcomes in patients with traumatic pelvic fracture (TPF).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis for patients who sustained TPF between 2012 and 2016 in a level 1 trauma center. Patients were categorized into patients with low versus high SI based on the cutoff obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curves to predict mortality.

Radiation Dose Associated with Multi-Detector 64-Slice Computed Tomography Brain Examinations in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Background: Radiation exposure due to computed tomography (CT) has become an important issue, as the number of CT examinations has been increasing worldwide. Radiation doses associated with CT are higher in comparison to other imaging procedures. CT-related radiation doses should be monitored and controlled in order to ensure reduction of radiation exposure and optimization of image quality.

Patient Exposure during Fluoroscopy-guided Pacemaker Implantation Procedures.

A pacemaker, which is used for heart resynchronization with electrical impulses, is used to manage many clinical conditions. Recently, the frequency of pacemaker implantation procedures has increased to more than 50% worldwide. During this procedure, patients can be exposed to excessive radiation exposure.

Estimation of effective dose and radiation risk in pediatric barium studies procedures.

The objectives of this study are to assess pediatric radiation exposure in certain barium studies and to quantify the organ and effective doses and radiation risk resultant from patients' irradiation. A total of 69 pediatric barium studies for upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Patients' radiation dose was quantified in terms of Entrance surface air kerma (ESAKs) using exposure parameters and DosCal software.

Efficiency of fragment specific fixation plates in the treatment of comminuted distal radial fractures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical, radiologic and functional outcome of treating comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures with fragment specific fixation.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 25 unstable intra-articular distal radius fractures (type C2 AO) that had fragment specific fixation done in the orthopaedic department of the Hamad General Hospital (level 1 trauma center) over three years (2010-2013), with a follow up of one year post-operatively. Pre-operative X-rays (wrist parameters) were compared to post-operative X-rays at different time points (i.

Patient radiation biological risk in computed tomography angiography procedure.

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has become the most valuable imaging modality for the diagnosis of blood vessel diseases; however, patients are exposed to high radiation doses and the probability of cancer and other biological effects is increased. The objectives of this study were to measure the patient radiation dose during a CTA procedure and to estimate the radiation dose and biological effects. The study was conducted in two radiology departments equipped with 64-slice CT machines (Aquilion) calibrated according to international protocols.

Radiation exposure in pediatric patients during micturating cystourethrography procedures.

The objectives of this study were to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and the effective doses in pediatric patients undergoing micturating cystourethrography (MCU) procedures. The ESAK was determined using calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD- GR 200 A) in 167 pediatric patients. The patient population was categorized into three groups according to age (0-5 years (group 1), 6-10 years (group 2) and 11-15 years (group 3)).

Assessment of patient dose and radiogenic risks during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an invasive technique that has been used for over 30 years in the diagnosis and management of pancreaticobiliary disorders. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the patient entrance surface air kerma doses (ESAK) and estimate the organ and effective doses during ERCP in three hospitals in Khartoum. A total of 55 patients were examined in three hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan.

Radiation dose levels for conventional chest and abdominal X-ray procedures in elected hospitals in Sudan.

This study aimed to assess patient entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) during chest and abdominal X-ray procedures in screen film radiography (SFR) and computed radiography (CR) to establish dose reference levels. Patients' doses were measured in five hospitals for a total of 196 patients. ESAK was calculated from exposure parameters using DosCal software.

Radiation doses in chest, abdomen and pelvis CT procedures.

Computed tomography (CT) scanning is recognised as a high-radiation dose modality and estimated to be 17 % of the radiological procedure and responsible for 70 % of medical radiation exposure. Although diagnostic X rays provide great benefits, their use involves some risk for developing cancer. The objectives of this study are to estimate radiation doses during chest, abdomen and pelvis CT.

Dose reduction in chest CT examination.

Computed tomography (CT) examinations involve relatively high doses to patients. The objectives of this study were to optimise the radiation dose for patient during CT chest scan and to estimate the lifetime cancer risk. A total of 50 patients were studied: control group (A) (38 patients) and optimisation group (B) (12 patients).

Estimation of effective dose during hystrosalpingography procedures in certain hospitals in Sudan.

The aims of this study were to measure the patients' entrance surface air kerma doses (ESAK), effective doses and to compare practices between different hospitals in Sudan. ESAK were measured for patient using calibrated thermo luminance dosimeters (TLDs, GR200A). Effective doses were estimated using National radiological Protection Board (NRPB) software.