Pancreatic cancer, alcohol, diabetes mellitus and gall-bladder disease.

A case-control study comprising 216 cases of pancreatic cancer and 279 controls was conducted to investigate the relationship of pancreatic cancer with certain chronic medical conditions and with the consumption of tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages. Significant positive associations with pre-existing diabetes mellitus and gall-bladder disease were observed and there was weak evidence of association with liver disease. The relative risks for diabetes mellitus and gallstones diagnosed at least one year previously were 4.

Prognostic factors in a T3 bladder cancer trial. Co-operative Urological Cancer Group.

Information on primary tumour size, status of the pelvic lymph nodes, histological type and macroscopic tumour appearance, as well as age and sex, was available at presentation for 394 patients in the Co-operative Urological Cancer Group's prospective randomised trial for T3 cancer of the urinary bladder. An apparently significant prognostic effect of age and sex was shown to be entirely consistent with the effect of natural mortality. Primary tumour size was found to be the single most powerful prognostic factor (P = 0.

Adjuvant chemotherapy in T3 carcinoma of the bladder. A prospective trial: preliminary report.

We report the early results of a multi-centre, randomised prospective trial of neoadjuvant and maintenance chemotherapy with methotrexate (MTX) in 376 patients with advanced (T3) carcinoma of the bladder. In patients under 65 years of age, treatment consisted of radical radiotherapy (64 Gy) or, in some centres, pre-operative radiotherapy (44 Gy) and elective cystectomy. All patients over 65 had radical radiotherapy.

Focality and seasonality of Schistosoma mansoni transmission in the Gezira Irrigated Area, Sudan.

In the Gezira Irrigated Area of Central Sudan, transmission of Schistosoma mansoni was shown to be geographically focal, being concentrated near villages and small settlements. In a study during 1981 and 1982 of the entire area around a typical Gezira village almost 90% of the Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails carrying schistosome infections were found in one minor canal near the village. Sites near smaller settlements some distance from the minor canals yielded few infected snails.

Monechmol, a New Pentacyclic Triterpene from Monechma debile.

Monechmol, a new hydroxypenta-cyclic triterpene, has been isolated from MONECHMA DEBILE Hochst. The butanol fraction has afforded a glucoside which was characterized as monechmol 3-O-beta-glucoside.

The in vivo development of Schistosoma bovis in the Nile rat.

The in vivo development of the Sudanese strain of Schistosoma bovis in the Nile rat, Arvicanthus niloticus is described. Six stages in development are distinguished: the 'lung form' (stage 1), attaining maximum numbers on day 5 post-infection; the 'closed-gut form' (stage 2) on day 14, characterized by the union of the gut caeca behind the ventral sucker; 'organogeny' (stage 3) on day 17, the male possessing one testis and a gynaecophoric canal and the female a narrow uterus; 'gametogeny' (stage 4) on day 26, with pairing, the male having four fully developed testes and the female an ovary; 'egg-shell formation' (stage 5) on day 35; 'oviposition' (stage 6) on day 37, with the female showing uterine eggs. The time to complete in vivo development in the Sudanese strain of S.