Prostate cancer in Slovakia: last decade overview.

Background: Prostate cancer is a significant health issue worldwide, with varying incidence and mortality rates across different regions. This study focuses on Slovakia, a country with an increasing trend in number of prostate cancer cases. The manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the burden of prostate cancer in Slovakia, encompassing epidemiological trends, economic impact, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities.

Epidemiology and comprehensive economic impact of atrial fibrillation and associated stroke in Slovakia.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. It is also a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. The main objective of our study was to identify direct and indirect costs of AF and AF-related stroke in Slovakia.

Economic burden of multiple sclerosis in Slovakia - from 2015 to 2020.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, commonly diagnosed during young adulthood. The proportion of direct and indirect costs of MS vary across settings. The International Multiple Sclerosis Study, involving 1152 patients with MS from 19 countries, reported the average annual costs per patient to be €41,212, with direct medical costs of €21,093, direct non-medical costs of €2110, and €16,318 marked as indirect costs.

Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in Slovakia.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an ideal disease for screening due to known and detectable precursor lesions and slow progression from benign adenoma to invasive cancer. The introduction of organized population-based screening programs reduces the burden of colorectal cancer and increases the quality of the screening process with a more favorable harm to benefit ratio compared to opportunistic screening.

Methods: The study used the microsimulation screening analysis-colon simulation model for the estimation of the effect of various factors on cancer incidence and mortality.

Economic aspects of multiple myeloma: real costs associated with disease in the Slovak Republic.

Health care costs are continuously increasing. Multiple myeloma represents approximately 1% of all malignancies and the 5-year prevalence is 230,000 patients on average. In addition, there is an annual incidence of 3.

Slovak and Czech OECD Data under the Magnifying Glass: Cardiovascular Pharmaceutical Consumption by Defined Daily Dose.

Objective: The aim of this study is to point out certain discrepancies and inaccuracies in reporting data concerning the consumption of cardiovascular pharmaceuticals (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code C, cardiovascular system) - measured in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 inhabitants per day - as reported by the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic for the year 2014. This data also appears in the online database of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Health Statistics.

Methods: First, we take the Czech wholesalers' data by DDD as reported to the OECD, and we compare this Czech data with the Slovak data.

Analysis of body segments and postural state in school children.

Objective: Aim of our study was to identify the number of existing posture disorders in children in primary schools and to identify the most prevalent position of body segments that cause postural disorders.

Methods: The occurrence of postural disorders was analysed in the school year 2016/2017. The sample consisted of 311 pupils age 6-8 from the 16 districts of the Slovak republic.

Anaphylaxis in Public Health.

The increasing number of patients with anaphylactic reactions is a modern challenge for healthcare professionals in clinical practice and public health professionals. It remains difficult to determine the prevalence or incidence of anaphylaxis in the population due to the long absence of a consensus definition, the fact that analyses are performed on various population groups and the use of different data collection methodologies. In the United States, anaphylaxis mortality ranges from 0.

Etiology, Risk Factors and Outcome of 1003 Cases of Infective Endocarditis from a 33-year National Survey in the Slovak Republic: An increasing proportion of elderly patients.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is still a significant cause of mortality in European hospitals, despite of the fact, that large nationwide studies were performed in last twenty years and pathogens are well known. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors, mortality, etiology and proportion of elderly patients within a longitudinal nation wide survey of infectious endocarditis in Slovakia.

Patients And Methods: Etiology, risk factors and outcome of 1003 cases of infective endocarditis (IE) in Slovakia over the last 33 years have been assessed.

The effect of passive smoking on bacterial colonisation of the upper airways and selected laboratory parameters in children.

Exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with a higher risk of respiratory tract diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of passive smoking on selected characteristics of children with adenoid hypertrophy. Sixty-one children with adenoid hypertrophy were enrolled in the prospective study.

Cost-effectiveness of the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet for the treatment of allergic asthma in three Eastern European Countries.

The SQ® house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablet (ACARIZAX®, ALK-Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark) is an allergy immunotherapy tablet for people with allergic respiratory disease. This analysis aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet from the perspective of three Eastern European countries: Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. A cost-utility model per country was developed, which compared the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet as add-on to pharmacotherapy with pharmacotherapy alone in patients with HDM allergic asthma (AA) over a five year time horizon.

Decision and cost analysis of empirical antibiotic therapy of acute sinusitis in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: do we have an additional tool for antibiotic policy decisions?

Objective: No previous analyses have attempted to determine optimal therapy for upper respiratory tract infections on the basis of cost-minimization models and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens in Slovakia. This investigation compares macrolides and cephalosporines for empirical therapy and look at this new tool from the aspect of potential antibiotic policy decision-making process.

Methods: We employed a decision tree model to determine the threshold level of macrolides and cephalosporines resistance among community respiratory pathogens that would make cephalosporines or macrolides cost-minimising.

Review of Utilization of Cardiovascular Medicines by Daily Defined Dose in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.

To the Editor, Drug utilization is an important field of drug policy and an integral part of public health internationally. This area of research attracts increasing interest but the pioneering work was done 50 years ago when the first drug consumption report from six European countries for the period of 1966-1967 showed great differences in drug utilization between population groups (WHO, 1968). These results gave important stimulus for creation of Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and technical unit of measurement called the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) which is specified as "the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults" that dealt with the objections against traditional units of measurement in drug utilization studies (WHO, 2016).

EDTORIAL_.

Why did we prepare this supplement and why it is about interdisciplinary public health issues? It is rather difficult question, but with a simple answer. Neurology field, neuroendocrinology field and many other areas of medicine are actually very important partners for public health professionals. Public health promotes and protects the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work and play.

[Management of acute anaphylaxis in clinical practice in the context of the guidelines].

Anaphylaxis is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening allergic reaction that needs rapid diagnosis and treatment. Recent research has brought new information about the increasing incidence of anaphylaxis. Nevertheless, the prevalence and incidence of anaphylaxis are difficult to estimate due to the lack of consensus on the definition of anaphylaxis, differences between the population groups analysed, and use of different data collection methods.

Rare Disease Terminology and Definitions-A Systematic Global Review: Report of the ISPOR Rare Disease Special Interest Group.

Background: At present, there is no universal definition of rare disease.

Objective: To provide an overview of rare disease definitions currently used globally.

Methods: We systematically searched for definitions related to rare disease from organizations in 32 international jurisdictions.

Social marketing as a tool to improve behavioral health services for underserved populations in transition countries.

Human development efforts continue to change the world and improve quality of life for humans. Without the struggle and drive to contemplate new ideas to improve society, the global community would be in a constant state of oppression. Although cultures and norms change as international boundaries are crossed, the universal goal is to improve standards of living to include behavioral health services for underserved populations.