Retrospective analysis of Braak stage- and APOE4 allele-dependent associations between MR spectroscopy and markers of tau and neurodegeneration in cognitively unimpaired elderly.

Purpose: The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid, tau, and associated neurodegeneration, are present in the cortical gray matter (GM) years before symptom onset, and at significantly greater levels in carriers of the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele. Their respective biomarkers, A/T/N, have been found to correlate with aspects of brain biochemistry, measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), indicating a potential for MRS to augment the A/T/N framework for staging and prediction of AD. Unfortunately, the relationships between MRS and A/T/N biomarkers are unclear, largely due to a lack of studies examining them in the context of the spatial and temporal model of T/N progression.

Spatial profiling of in vivo diffusion-weighted MRI parameters in the healthy human kidney.

Objective: Diffusion-weighted MRI is a technique that can infer microstructural and microcirculatory features from biological tissue, with particular application to renal tissue. There is extensive literature on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of anisotropy in the renal medulla, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) measurements separating microstructural from microcirculation effects, and combinations of the two. However, interpretation of these features and adaptation of more specific models remains an ongoing challenge.

Extensive iliofemoral and femoropopliteal venous thrombosis in a young patient with iliocaval atresia.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) atresia is a rare congenital anomaly. Standardized treatment is not well defined due to its uncommon presentation, with this pathology associated with an increased risk of unprovoked lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). We present a case of a 32-year-old man who was admitted for bilateral lower extremity edema and pain and was found to have bilateral extensive iliofemoral and femoropopliteal DVT, absence of IVC filling, and extensive tortuous collateralization arising from the pelvic veins to the azygos vein.

Low Field MRI Surveillance 6-24 Months Post-acute COVID-19 Pneumonia: Factors Influencing Severity and Evolution of Lung Opacities.

Rationale And Objectives: To determine factors influencing low-field MRI lung opacity severity 6-24 months after acute Covid-19 pneumonia.

Materials And Methods: 104 post-acute Covid-19 patients with 167 MRI exams were included. 32 patients had more than one exam, and 63 exams were serial exams.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of intensive treatment options for adults with eating disorders.

Eating disorders (EDs) are complex conditions with one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric illnesses. While outpatient evidence-based treatments for EDs in adults exist, there is often utilisation of more intensive interventions as part of treatment. However, a comprehensive analysis of the impacts of intensive treatment (inpatient, residential and day program) on physical and psychosocial outcomes is lacking.

How I do it: optimizing angioplasty using the Tack endovascular system in the management of chronic limb threatening ischemia.

Dissection occurring after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is associated with decreased vessel patency and an increased incidence of target lesion revascularization. Management of post-PTA dissection with the Tack Endovascular System (Philips, N.V.

Differentiating Imaging Features of Post-lobectomy Right Middle Lobe Torsion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in imaging features between patients with confirmed right middle lobe (RML) torsion compared to those suspected yet without torsion.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study entailing a search of radiology reports from April 1, 2014, to April 15, 2021, resulted in 52 patients with suspected yet without lobar torsion and 4 with confirmed torsion, supplemented by 2 additional cases before the search period for a total of 6 confirmed cases. Four thoracic radiologists (1 an adjudicator) evaluated chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) examinations, and Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used to identify any significant differences in imaging features (P<0.

Impact of routine surveillance duplex ultrasound and subsequent reintervention after superficial femoral artery stenting.

Objective: Superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting is a common treatment for peripheral artery disease. It is effective in the short term; however, in-stent restenosis (ISR) limits long-term success. Surveillance with duplex ultrasound (DUS) can identify patients who develop ISR leading to early reintervention, but data to support this practice is sparce.

Estrous cycle dependent expression of oxycodone conditioned reward in rats.

Oxycodone is one of the most widely prescribed and misused opioid painkillers in the United States. Evidence suggests that biological sex and hormonal status can impact drug reward in humans and rodents, but the extent to which these factors can influence the rewarding effects of oxycodone is unclear. The purpose of this study was to utilize place conditioning to determine the effects of sex and female hormonal status on the expression of oxycodone conditioned reward in rats.

Utility of a 2D kinematic HASTE sequence in magnetic resonance imaging assessment of adjacent segment degeneration following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Objectives: To evaluate a dynamic half-Fourier acquired single turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at the junctional level for adjacent segment degeneration comparing dynamic listhesis to radiographs and assessing dynamic cord contact and deformity during flexion-extension METHODS: Patients with ACDF referred for cervical spine MRI underwent a kinematic flexion-extension sagittal 2D HASTE sequence in addition to routine sequences. Images were independently reviewed by three radiologists for static/dynamic listhesis, and compared to flexion-extension radiographs. Blinded assessment of the HASTE sequence was performed for cord contact/deformity between neutral, flexion, and extension, to evaluate concordance between readers and inter-modality agreement.

Efficacy and Impact of a Multimodal Intervention on CT Pulmonary Angiography Ordering Behavior in the Emergency Department.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a multimodal intervention in reducing CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) overutilization in the evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Previous mixed-methods analysis of barriers to guideline-concordant CTPA ordering results was used to develop a provider-focused behavioral intervention consisting of a clinical decision support tool and an audit and feedback system at a multisite, tertiary academic network. The primary outcome (guideline concordance) and secondary outcomes (yield and CTPA and D-dimer order rates) were compared using a pre- and postintervention design.

Strain in children with MIS-C and acute COVID-19.

Context: Cardiac injury has been described in both acute COVID-19 and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Echocardiographic strain has been shown to be a sensitive measure of systolic function.

Aims: We sought to describe strain findings in both the groups on initial presentation and follow-up.

Disturbances in fear extinction learning after mild traumatic brain injury in mice are accompanied by alterations in dendritic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have emerged as the signature injuries of the U.S. veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, and frequently co-occur in both military and civilian populations.

Characterization of motion dependent magnetic field inhomogeneity for DWI in the kidneys.

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the abdomen has increased dramatically for both research and clinical purposes. Motion and static field inhomogeneity related challenges limit image quality of abdominopelvic imaging with the most conventional echo-planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence. While reversed phase encoded imaging is increasingly used to facilitate distortion correction, it typically assumes one motion independent magnetic field distribution.

Virtual Mentoring: A Novel Approach to Facilitate Medical Student Applications to General Surgery Residency.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly altered the landscape of medical education, particularly disrupting the residency application process and highlighting the need for structured mentorship programs. This prompted our institution to develop a virtual mentoring program to provide tailored, one-on-one mentoring to medical students applying to general surgery residency. The aim of this study was to examine general surgery applicant perception of a pilot virtual mentoring curriculum.

Deep Learning Denoising of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Chest Images: A Quantitative and Qualitative Image Analysis.

Purpose: To assess deep learning denoised (DLD) computed tomography (CT) chest images at various low doses by both quantitative and qualitative perceptual image analysis.

Methods: Simulated noise was inserted into sinogram data from 32 chest CTs acquired at 100 mAs, generating anatomically registered images at 40, 20, 10, and 5 mAs. A DLD model was developed, with 23 scans selected for training, 5 for validation, and 4 for test.

Replicability of proton MR spectroscopic imaging findings in mild traumatic brain injury: Implications for clinical applications.

Purpose: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) offers biomarkers of metabolic damage after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but a lack of replicability studies hampers clinical translation. In a conceptual replication study design, the results reported in four previous publications were used as the hypotheses (H1-H7), specifically: abnormalities in patients are diffuse (H1), confined to white matter (WM) (H2), comprise low N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) levels and normal choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) and myo-inositol (mI) (H3), and correlate with clinical outcome (H4); additionally, a lack of findings in regional subcortical WM (H5) and deep gray matter (GM) structures (H6), except for higher mI in patients' putamen (H7).

Methods: 26 mTBI patients (20 female, age 36.

Deep Learning Reconstruction Enables Prospectively Accelerated Clinical Knee MRI.

Background MRI is a powerful diagnostic tool with a long acquisition time. Recently, deep learning (DL) methods have provided accelerated high-quality image reconstructions from undersampled data, but it is unclear if DL image reconstruction can be reliably translated to everyday clinical practice. Purpose To determine the diagnostic equivalence of prospectively accelerated DL-reconstructed knee MRI compared with conventional accelerated MRI for evaluating internal derangement of the knee in a clinical setting.

Ranking the contribution of behavioral measures comprising oxycodone self-administration to reinstatement of drug-seeking in male and female rats.

Introduction: Rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence are among the highest for opioid use disorder (OUD). In preclinical studies, reinstatement to drug-seeking has been extensively studied as a model of relapse-but the work has been primarily in males. We asked whether biological sex contributes to behaviors comprising self-administration of the prescription opioid oxycodone in rats, and we calculated the relative contribution of these behavioral measures to reinstatement in male and female rats.

Cardiac Phase and Flow Compensation Effects on REnal Flow and Microstructure AnisotroPy MRI in Healthy Human Kidney.

Background: Renal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) involves microstructure and microcirculation, quantified with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and hybrid models. A better understanding of their contrast may increase specificity.

Purpose: To measure modulation of DWI with cardiac phase and flow-compensated (FC) diffusion gradient waveforms.

FDG-PET/MRI for the preoperative diagnosis and staging of peritoneal carcinomatosis: a prospective multireader pilot study.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/MRI for the preoperative diagnosis and staging of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) using surgical Sugarbaker's PC index (PCI) as the reference in a multireader pilot study.

Methods: Fourteen adult patients (M/F: 3/11, mean age: 57 ± 12 year) with PC were prospectively included in this single-center study. Patients underwent FDG-PET/MRI prior to surgery (mean delay: 14 d, range: 1-63 d).

Little Utility of Fungal Blood Cultures in Surgical and Burn Intensive Care Units.

Critically ill patients are at risk for fungal infections, but there is a paucity of data regarding the clinical utility of dedicated fungal blood cultures to detect such infections. A retrospective review was conducted of patients admitted to the surgical and burn intensive care units at Parkland Memorial Hospital between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 for whom blood cultures (aerobic, anaerobic, and/or fungal cultures) were sent. A total of 1,094 aerobic and anaerobic blood culture sets and 523 fungal blood cultures were sent.