DNA repair protein RAD50 is involved in the streptozotocin-induced diabetes susceptibility of mice.

Streptozotocin (STZ) is widely used as a pancreatic beta-cell toxin to induce experimental diabetes in rodents. Strain-dependent variations in STZ-induced diabetes susceptibility have been reported in mice. Differences in STZ-induced diabetes susceptibility are putatively related to pancreatic beta-cell fragility via DNA damage response.

Glucose values from the same continuous glucose monitoring sensor significantly differ among readers with different generations of algorithm.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) values obtained from CGM systems using the same sensor but with different internal algorithms (the first- and third-generation FreeStyle Libre (1st-gen-libre and 3rd-gen-libre, respectively)) were compared. We used 19,819 paired and simultaneously measured CGM values of 13 patients with diabetes. The average CGM value was significantly higher (P < 0.

High Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus After Distal Pancreatectomy and Its Predictors: A Long-term Follow-up Study.

Context: Glucose tolerance worsens after distal pancreatectomy (DP); however, the long-term incidence and factors affecting interindividual variation in this worsening are unclear.

Objective: To investigate the changes in diabetes-related traits before and after DP and to clarify the incidence of diabetes and its predictors.

Methods: Among 493 registered patients, 117 underwent DP.

Novel loci for hyperglycemia identified by QTL mapping of longitudinal phenotypes and congenic analysis.

We previously reported that four hyperglycemia loci are located on three chromosomes in the Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mouse model, commonly used to study type 2 diabetes. However, we did not search for hyperglycemia loci across all chromosomes. In this study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping of longitudinal phenotypes from crosses between NSY (hyperglycemic) and C3H (normoglycemic) mice.

Metabolic signatures of β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: In the development of type 1 diabetes, metabolites are significantly altered and might be involved in β-cell destruction and protection. We aimed to identify new metabolic markers of β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 33 participants were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study: 23 with type 1 diabetes, seven with type 2 diabetes and three healthy controls.

Glycemic Excursion and Insulin Action Revealed in a Rare Case of Type 1 Diabetes Complicated with Short Bowel Syndrome.

We herein report a 52-year-old woman with a rare combination of short bowel syndrome due to massive resection of the small intestine and complete loss of endogenous insulin due to type 1 diabetes. To provide nutritional support, she was treated with total parenteral nutrition with co-administration of insulin, requiring careful matching of insulin and glucose levels. This case report provides insights on glycemic excursion and insulin action in type 1 diabetes, even when both insulin and glucose are administered directly into circulation, and the usual obstacles caused by subcutaneous injection of insulin and oral intake of nutrients are eliminated.

Oncocytic Adrenocortical Carcinoma With Low F-FDG Uptake and the Absence of Glucose Transporter 1 Expression.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor, and some histological variants (oncocytic, myxoid, and sarcomatoid ACCs) have been reported in addition to the conventional ACC. Among these subtypes, oncocytic ACC is histologically characterized by the presence of abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm in the carcinoma cells owing to the accumulation of mitochondria, which generally yields high F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET). Herein, we report the case of a 21-year-old woman with oncocytic ACC with low FDG uptake on PET scan.

Mixed Corticomedullary Tumor Accompanied by Unilateral Aldosterone-Producing Adrenocortical Micronodules: a Case Report.

Mixed corticomedullary tumors (MCMTs) are rare and comprise medullary and cortical cells in a single adrenal tumor. The mechanisms underlying their development have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report a case of MCMT in a 42-year-old woman.

Associations between genetic loci related to lean mass and body composition in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Several genetic loci related to lean mass have been identified in healthy individuals by genome-wide association studies; however, the contribution of these loci to body composition in type 2 diabetes remains to be investigated. Here, we aimed to clarify the genetic determinants of body composition in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 176 Japanese outpatients (70 women and 106 men) with type 2 diabetes were studied using a cross-sectional design.

β-Cell failure in diabetes: Common susceptibility and mechanisms shared between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is etiologically classified into type 1, type 2 and other types of diabetes. Despite distinct etiologies and pathogenesis of these subtypes, many studies have suggested the presence of shared susceptibilities and underlying mechanisms in β-cell failure among different types of diabetes. Understanding these susceptibilities and mechanisms can help in the development of therapeutic strategies regardless of the diabetes subtype.

Relationship of continuous glucose monitoring-related metrics with HbA1c and residual β-cell function in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.

The targets for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics were recently set; however, studies on CGM data over a long period with stable glycemic control are limited. We analyzed 194,279 CGM values obtained from 19 adult Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes. CGM data obtained during stable glycemic control over four months were analyzed.

Glucose Metabolism After Pancreatectomy: Opposite Extremes Between Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Distal Pancreatectomy.

Context: The rate of glucose metabolism changes drastically after partial pancreatectomy.

Objective: This work aims to analyze changes in patients' glucose metabolism and endocrine and exocrine function before and after partial pancreatectomy relative to different resection types (Kindai Prospective Study on Metabolism and Endocrinology after Pancreatectomy: KIP-MEP study).

Methods: A series of 278 consecutive patients with scheduled pancreatectomy were enrolled into our prospective study.

A Rare Case of Adrenal Cysts Associated With Bilateral Incidentalomas and Diffuse Hyperplasia of the Zona Glomerulosa.

Characterization of adrenocortical disorders is challenging because of varying origins, laterality, the presence or absence of hormone production, and unclarity about the benign or malignant nature of the lesion. Histopathological examination in conjunction with immunohistochemistry is generally considered mandatory in this characterization. We report a rare case of bilateral adrenocortical adenomas associated with unilateral adrenal endothelial cysts in a 65-year-old woman whose condition was not diagnosed before surgery.

Clinical and genetic determinants of urinary glucose excretion in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Aims/introduction: Glucosuria is a representative symptom in diabetes patients with poor glycemic control and in those treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Renal threshold levels of glucose excretion are known to vary among individuals, but factors contributing to glucosuria are not well characterized. The present study aimed to clarify clinical and genetic determinants of glucosuria in individuals with diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes on mouse chromosome 11 under high sucrose environment.

Background: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to type 2 diabetes development. We used consomic mice established from an animal type 2 diabetes model to identify susceptibility genes that contribute to type 2 diabetes development under specific environments. We previously established consomic strains (C3H-Chr 11 and C3H-Chr 14) that possess diabetogenic Chr 11 or 14 of the Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mouse, an animal model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes, in the genetic background of C3H mice.

Contribution of Asian Haplotype of KCNJ18 to Susceptibility to and Ethnic Differences in Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis.

Context And Objectives: Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is an acute complication of thyrotoxicosis that can be lethal. TPP is rare in Caucasians but often affects young men in East Asian populations. This study aimed to clarify the contribution of KCNJ18 to susceptibility to TPP in East Asian populations.

Verification That Mouse Chromosome 14 Is Responsible for Susceptibility to Streptozotocin in NSY Mice.

Introduction: Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes is under polygenic control, and the genetic loci for STZ susceptibility are mapped to chromosome (Chr) 11 in Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mice. In addition to Chr11, other genes on different chromosomes may contribute to STZ susceptibility in NSY mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether NSY-Chr14 contributes to STZ susceptibility and contains the STZ-susceptible region.

Early-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient With a Chromosome 13q34qter Microdeletion Including .

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Some diabetes mellitus cases, however, are caused by a limited number of mutant genes. Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome, an extremely rare genetic disorder, is caused by structural and functional monosomy of the 13q chromosomal region.

Congenic mapping and candidate gene analysis for streptozotocin-induced diabetes susceptibility locus on mouse chromosome 11.

Streptozotocin (STZ) has been widely used to induce diabetes in rodents. Strain-dependent variation in susceptibility to STZ has been reported; however, the gene(s) responsible for STZ susceptibility has not been identified. Here, we utilized the A/J-11 consomic strain and a set of chromosome 11 (Chr.

Insulin deficiency with and without glucagon: A comparative study between total pancreatectomy and type 1 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: Patients with a total pancreatectomy and type 1 diabetes are similar in regard to absolute insulin deficiency, but different in regard to glucagon, providing a unique opportunity to study the contribution of glucagon to glucose metabolism in an insulin-dependent state. The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of glucagon to glucose homeostasis in complete insulin deficiency in vivo.

Methods: A total of 38 individuals with a complete lack of endogenous insulin (fasting C-peptide <0.

Case report: schwannoma arising from the unilateral adrenal area with bilateral hyperaldosteronism.

Background: We report a rare case of a juxta-adrenal schwannoma that could not be discriminated from an adrenal tumor before surgical resection and was complicated by bilateral hyperaldosteronism. To the best of our knowledge, this is first case in which both a juxta-adrenal schwannoma and hyperaldosteronism co-existed.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old male treated for hypertension was found to have a left supra-renal mass (5.

Common phenotype and different non-HLA genes in Graves' disease and alopecia areata.

Our previous observations clarified that Graves' disease (GD) is the most frequent autoimmune disease in patients with alopecia areata (AA), and 42.7% of patients with AA were positive for thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb). A class II HLA haplotype DRB115:01-DQB106:02 was suggested to contribute to autoimmunity against the thyroid gland in AA.