Working together in health research: a mixed-methods patient engagement evaluation.

Background: In patient-oriented research (POR), patients contribute their valuable knowledge and lived-experiences to work together as active research partners at all stages of the health research cycle. However, research looking to understand how patient research partners (PRPs) and researchers work together in meaningful and collaborative ways remains limited. This study aims to evaluate patient engagement with the RePORT Patient Advisory Council (PAC) and to identify barriers and facilitators to meaningful patient engagement encountered within research partnerships involving patient research partners and researchers.

Self-medication practices against COVID-19 infection and awareness among residents of Mogadishu, Somalia: A cross-sectional analysis.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected several countries worldwide, resulting in a considerable strain on healthcare systems and increased trend of self-medication practices. This study aims to evaluate the awareness of COVID-19 and the prevalence of self-medication during the pandemic among residents in Mogadishu, Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured and pretested questionnaire between May 2020 and January 2021.

Design, Implementation, and Coordination of Malaria Therapeutic Efficacy Studies in Nigeria in 2018.

Prior to 2018, malaria therapeutic efficacy studies (TESs) in Nigeria were implemented separately at different sites, as assigned by the National Malaria Elimination Program (NMEP). In 2018, however, the NMEP engaged the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research to coordinate the 2018 TESs in 3 of 14 sentinel sites with the objective of standardizing their conduct across all three sites: Enugu, Kano, and Plateau states in three of six geopolitical zones. Artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine, the two first-line drugs for treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Nigeria, were tested in both Kano and Plateau states.

The credibility of subgroup analyses reported in stroke trials is low: A systematic review.

Background: Subgroup analyses are widely used to evaluate the heterogeneity of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. However, there is a limited investigation of the quality of prespecified and reported subgroup analyses in stroke trials. This study evaluated the credibility of subgroup analyses in stroke trials.

Thermoregulatory dynamics reveal sex-specific inflammatory responses to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Implications for multiple sclerosis-induced fatigue in females.

The course of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by striking sex differences in symptoms such as fatigue and impaired thermal regulation, which are associated with aggravated systemic pro-inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study was to replicate these symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice in the quest to advance the preclinical study of non-motor symptoms of MS. Male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to a mild form of EAE were evaluated for the progression of clinical, behavioural, thermal, and inflammatory processes.

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of O157:H7 in beef at a commercial slaughterhouse in Moro, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Background: Gastroenteritis due to foodborne disease is a leading cause of death in developing countries. In Nigeria, there is an increasing demand for beef. Yet, there is no surveillance for O157:H7 contamination of raw beef and little is known about the carriage of this pathogen in Nigeria's livestock.

Determinants of infant feeding practices among Black mothers living with HIV: a multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Background: Infant feeding practices are imperative for babies' and mothers' health and emotional wellbeing. Although infant feeding may seem simple, the decisions surrounding it are complex and have far-reaching implications for women globally. This is an especially difficult concern among mothers living with HIV because breastfeeding can transmit HIV from mother to child.

EXPERIENCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA: RISK FACTORS, HELP-SEEKING RESOURCES AND COPING STRATEGIES.

Background: Risk factors and coping strategies employed for domestic violence across rural and urban locales remains a topical public health concern. Geographic locations experiencing other forms of violence may contribute additional risk factors to domestic violence.

Methodos: A cross-sectional study design was used to determine and compare the risk factors, help-resources and coping strategies employed by survivors of domestic violence living in rural and urban areas of the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria.

Motherhood among Black women living with HIV: A "north-south" comparison of sociocultural and psychological factors.

We compared factors mediating motherhood experiences among Black nursing mothers living with HIV in two North American cities to one African city. Motherhood was measured with the Being a Mother Scale, and we compared their predictors between the two continents using difference in difference estimation within hierarchical linear modeling. Cultural beliefs congruent with infant feeding guidelines and social support had significant positive but differing effects on motherhood in the two continents.

Determinants of Adherence to National Infant Feeding Guidelines by Black Mothers Living with HIV.

Objective: Worldwide, 160,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2018; half of these were infected through breastfeeding. Infant feeding guidelines are distinct depending on each country's resources and national or sub-national guidelines. Because of divergent guidelines, the best infant feeding approach to prevent mother-to-child transmission can become unclear.

Infant feeding guideline awareness among mothers living with HIV in North America and Nigeria.

Background: WHO guidelines recommend breastfeeding for mothers living with HIV adherent to antiretroviral therapy in countries where formula is not accessible. In Canada and the US, guidelines for mothers living with HIV recommend exclusive formula feeding. Awareness of national infant feeding guidelines and socio-cultural factors influence infant feeding choices that may result in an increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV.

HIV-Related Stigma Among Black Mothers in Two North American and One African Cities.

HIV-related stigma is a negative attitude or behaviour towards persons living with HIV, and is detrimental to effective care, management, and treatment of HIV. Using a revised 10-item stigma scale, we compared levels of HIV-related stigma and its correlates among Black women living with HIV in Ottawa, Canada, and Miami, FL, USA, with those in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. HIV-related stigma scores were calculated, with a maximum score of 10 and averaged 4.

Protective role of glutamine against cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction in Wistar rats: Involvement of G6PD activity.

Background: Endocrine disruptor such as cadmium has been widely reported to cause testicular toxicity, which contributes to recent decline in male fertility worldwide. Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body has been demonstrated to exert protective effects in cellular toxicity. However, its role in testicular toxicity is unknown.

Dairy Farmers' Perceptions of and Actions in Relation to Lameness Management.

Lameness continues to be a welfare and economic issue for dairy cows. However, the consequences of lameness seem to be better understood by veterinarians and related personnel in comparison to dairy farmers. Prompt detection and treatment of lame cows is essential in reducing its negative impact on milk processing systems.

Clients' Perception of and Satisfaction with Quality of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course: A Comparative Study of Private and Public Health Facilities in Southwestern Nigeria.

Background And Objectives: One third of the world population are at risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB), resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. The reported low patronage in many TB clinics may not be unrelated to the quality of services received by clients. The objective of this study was to determine clients' perception of and satisfaction with quality of DOTs treatments in private and public health facilities in Oyo State.

Sociocultural factors influencing infant-feeding choices among African immigrant women living with HIV: A synthesis of the literature.

Background And Purpose: The World Health Organizations (WHO) strategy is to eliminate pediatric HIV. HIV prevention guidelines in high-income countries recommend mothers living with HIV avoid breastfeeding. Yet, breastfeeding is promoted as the normal and unequalled method of feeding infants.

Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and imputed burden in South Africa: a national and sub-national cross-sectional survey.

Background: Globally, per-capita, South Africa reports a disproportionately high number of cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis. We sought to estimate the prevalence of resistance to tuberculosis drugs in newly diagnosed and retreated patients with tuberculosis provincially and nationally, and compared these with the 2001-02 estimates.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done between June 15, 2012-June 14, 2014, using population proportionate randomised cluster sampling in the nine provinces in South Africa.

Private sector malaria RDT initiative in Nigeria: lessons from an end-of-project stakeholder engagement meeting.

The malaria rapid diagnosis testing (RDT) landscape is rapidly evolving in health care delivery in Nigeria with many stakeholders playing or having potential for critical roles. A recent UNITAID grant supported a pilot project on the deployment of quality-assured RDTs among formal and informal private service outlets in three states in Nigeria. This paper describes findings from a series of stakeholder engagement meetings held at the conclusion of the project.

Experiences of midwives and nurses in policy development in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize the qualitative evidence on the experiences of midwives' and nurses' involvement in policy development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This qualitative review seeks to address the following question:What are midwives' and nurses' experiences of being involved in policy development in LMICs?

Experiences of nurses and/or midwives in research production in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol.

The aim of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize qualitative evidence about midwives' and nurses' experiences of involvement in research production in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Involvement in research production refers to their participation in research activities and processes such as the design, planning, decision making and implementation, collaboration, dissemination and knowledge uptake.The review will be guided by the following question: what are the experiences of midwives' and nurses' involvement in health research production in LMICs?

The epidemiology of tuberculosis in health care workers in South Africa: a systematic review.

Background: In South Africa, workplace acquired tuberculosis (TB) is a significant occupational problem among health care workers. In order to manage the problem effectively it is important to know the burden of TB in health care workers. This systematic review describes the epidemiology of TB in South African health care workers.

Status of the use and compliance with malaria rapid diagnostic tests in formal private health facilities in Nigeria.

Background: Nigeria has the largest number of malaria-related deaths, accounting for a third of global malaria deaths. It is important that the country attains universal coverage of key malaria interventions, one of which is the policy of universal testing before treatment, which the country has recently adopted. However, there is a dearth of data on its implementation in formal private health facilities, where close to a third of the population seek health care.