Immunoglobulin secretion influences the composition of chicken caecal microbiota.

The chicken caecum is colonised by hundreds of different bacterial species. Which of these are targeted by immunoglobulins and how immunoglobulin expression shapes chicken caecal microbiota has been addressed in this study. Using cell sorting followed by sequencing of V3/V4 variable region of 16S rRNA, bacterial species with increased or decreased immunoglobulin coating were determined.

Modulation of Gut Microbiome and Autism Symptoms of ASD Children Supplemented with Biological Response Modifier: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.

The etiology and mechanisms of autism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not yet fully understood. There is currently no treatment for ASD for providing significant improvement in core symptoms. Recent studies suggest, however, that ASD is associated with gut dysbiosis, indicating that modulation of gut microbiota in children with ASD may thus reduce the manifestation of ASD symptoms.

In Vivo Expression of Chicken Gut Anaerobes Identifies Carbohydrate- or Amino Acid-Utilising, Motile or Type VI Secretion System-Expressing Bacteria.

Complex gut microbiota increases chickens' resistance to enteric pathogens. However, the principles of this phenomenon are not understood in detail. One of the possibilities for how to decipher the role of gut microbiota in chickens' resistance to enteric pathogens is to systematically characterise the gene expression of individual gut microbiota members colonising the chicken caecum.

Ovine and Caprine Strains of on Czech Farms-A Comparative Study.

Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a worldwide disease of small ruminants caused by , a facultative intracellular pathogen that is able to survive and multiply in certain white blood cells of the host. In this study, 33 strains of were isolated from sheep and goats suffering from CLA on nine farms in the Czech Republic. All these strains were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility, ability to form a biofilm and resistance to the effects of commonly used disinfectant agents.

Comparative Genome Analysis and Characterization of the Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Wild Boars in the Czech Republic.

Probiotics are crucial components for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota in pigs, especially during the weaning period. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from the gastrointestinal tract of wild boars can serve as an abundant source of beneficial probiotic strains with suitable properties for use in pig husbandry. In this study, we analyzed and characterized 15 strains of Limosilactobacillus mucosae obtained from the gut contents of wild boars to assess their safety and suitability as probiotic candidates.

River Sediments Downstream of Villages in a Karstic Watershed Exhibited Increased Numbers and Higher Diversity of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

The impact of residential villages on the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in streams flowing through them has not been studied in detail. Water and sediments of streams are highly susceptible to anthropogenic inputs such as surface water flows. This study investigated the impact of seven residential villages in a karst watershed on the prevalence and species spectrum of NTM in water and sediments.

Detecting horizontal gene transfer among microbiota: an innovative pipeline for identifying co-shared genes within the mobilome through advanced comparative analysis.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key driver in the evolution of bacterial genomes. The acquisition of genes mediated by HGT may enable bacteria to adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions. Long-term application of antibiotics in intensive agriculture is associated with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria with the consequences causing public health concern.

Contact with adult hens affects the composition of skin and respiratory tract microbiota in newly hatched chicks.

Chickens in commercial production are hatched in hatcheries without any contact with their parents and colonization of their skin and respiratory tract is therefore dependent on environmental sources only. However, since chickens evolved to be hatched in nests, in this study we evaluated the importance of contact between hens and chicks for the development of chicken skin and tracheal microbiota. Sequencing of PCR amplified V3/V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene showed that contact with adult hens decreased the abundance of E.

Microbial Succession in the Cheese Ripening Process-Competition of the Starter Cultures and the Microbiota of the Cheese Plant Environment.

A large variety of cheeses can be produced using different manufacturing processes and various starter or adjunct cultures. In this study, we have described the succession of the microbial population during the commercial production and subsequent ripening of smear-ripened cheese using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The composition of the microbiota during the first 6 days of production was constant and consisted mainly of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) originating from the starter culture.

Succession, Replacement, and Modification of Chicken Litter Microbiota.

Chickens are in constant interaction with their environment, e.g., bedding and litter, and their microbiota.

Vaccine against Infection in Pig Based on Alternative Carrier Protein Conjugate.

is a serious pathogen in the pig industry with zoonotic potential. With respect to the current effort to reduce antibiotic use in animals, a prophylactic measure is needed to control the disease burden. Unfortunately, immunization against streptococcal pathogens is challenging due to nature of the interaction between the pathogen and the host immune system, but vaccines based on conjugates of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and carrier protein were proved to be efficient.

Host Species Adaptation of Obligate Gut Anaerobes Is Dependent on Their Environmental Survival.

The gut microbiota of warm-blooded vertebrates consists of bacterial species belonging to two main phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, does it mean that the same bacterial species are found in humans and chickens? Here we show that the ability to survive in an aerobic environment is central for host species adaptation. Known bacterial species commonly found in humans, pigs, chickens and Antarctic gentoo penguins are those capable of extended survival under aerobic conditions, i.

Effective Control of Johne's Disease in Large Czech Dairy Herds.

Introduction: Johne's disease, caused by infection with subsp. (MAP), causes economic losses in dairy herds due to reduced milk production and premature culling. A test-and-cull strategy coupled with changes in calf rearing management preventing new infections has been introduced into infected herds to control MAP prevalence.

A viability assay combining palladium compound treatment with quantitative PCR to detect viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pathogenic bacterium causing the paratuberculosis, chronic and infectious disease common particularly in wild and domestic ruminants. Currently, culture techniques to detect viable MAP are still used most commonly, although these require a long incubation period.

Central Apneas Due to the CLIFAHDD Syndrome Successfully Treated with Pyridostigmine.

mutations lead to complex neurodevelopmental syndromes, including infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies (IHPRF) and congenital contractures of limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD), which are recessively and dominantly inherited, respectively. We present a patient in whom congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) was suspected due to the occurrence of hypotonia and apnea episodes requiring resuscitation. For this reason, treatment with pyridostigmine was introduced.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Prevalence in Aerosol and Spiders' Webs in Karst Caves: Low Risk for Speleotherapy.

A total of 152 aerosol and spider web samples were collected: 96 spider's webs in karst areas in 4 European countries (Czech Republic, France, Italy, and Slovakia), specifically from the surface environment ( = 44), photic zones of caves ( = 26), and inside (aphotic zones) of caves ( = 26), 56 Particulate Matter (PM) samples from the Cave System (speleotherapy facility; = 21) and from aerosol collected from the nearby city of ( = 35) in the Czech Republic. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were isolated from 13 (13.5%) spider's webs: 5 isolates of saprophytic NTM (, , , and complex) and 6 isolates of potentially pathogenic NTM ( ssp.

A Novel Approach to the Viability Determination of subsp. Using Platinum Compounds in Combination With Quantitative PCR.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. (MAP) represents a slow-growing bacterium causing paratuberculosis, especially in domestic and wild ruminants. Until recently, the assessment of MAP viability relied mainly on cultivation, which is very time consuming and is unable to detect viable but non-culturable cells.

Detoxification, Hydrogen Sulphide Metabolism and Wound Healing Are the Main Functions That Differentiate Caecum Protein Expression from Ileum of Week-Old Chicken.

Sections of chicken gut differ in many aspects, e.g., the passage of digesta (continuous vs.

Recovery of Mycobacteria from Heavily Contaminated Environmental Matrices.

For epidemiology studies, a decontamination method using a solution containing 4.0% NaOH and 0.5% tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDAB) represents a relatively simple and universal procedure for processing heavily microbially contaminated matrices together with increase of mycobacteria yield and elimination of gross contamination.

Development of a reference standard for the detection and quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by quantitative PCR.

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) has become a frequently employed direct method for the detection and quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The quantity of MAP determined by qPCR, however, may be affected by the type of qPCR quantification standard used (PCR product, plasmid, genomic DNA) and the way in which standard DNA quantity is determined (absorbance, fluorescence).

Development of piglet gut microbiota at the time of weaning influences development of postweaning diarrhea - A field study.

Postweaning diarrhea is a common issue in pig production which is currently controlled by feed supplementation with zinc oxide. However, new alternatives are being sought due to an expected ban on zinc oxide in feed supplementation from 2022 in the EU. One possible alternative is to use novel types of probiotics consisting of microbiota characteristic for healthy weaned piglets.

Development and Inter-Laboratory Validation of Diagnostics Panel for Detection of Biothreat Bacteria Based on MOL-PCR Assay.

Early detection of biohazardous bacteria that can be misused as biological weapons is one of the most important measures to prevent the spread and outbreak of biological warfare. For this reason, many instrument platforms need to be introduced into operation in the field of biological warfare detection. Therefore the purpose of this study is to establish a new detection panel for biothreat bacteria (, , and spp.

Efficiency of DNA Isolation Methods Based on Silica Columns and Magnetic Separation Tested for the Detection of Subsp. in Milk and Faeces.

Timely and reliable detection of animals shedding subsp. (MAP) should help to effectively identify infected animals and limit infection transmission at early stages to ensure effective control of paratuberculosis. The aim of the study was to compare DNA extraction methods and evaluate isolation efficiency using milk and faecal samples artificially contaminated by MAP with a focus on modern instrumental automatic DNA isolation procedures based on magnetic separation.