Phospho-histone-H3 immunostaining for pulmonary carcinoids: impact on clinical appraisal, interobserver correlation, and diagnostic processing efficiency.

Lung carcinoid tumors are classified as either typical or atypical based on the presence of necrosis and the maximum mitotic count per 2 mm area. Determining the mitotic count, which is manually conducted on slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), is time-consuming and subject to high interobserver variability. The objective of this study was to test the sensitivity and specificity of a surrogate mitosis marker, phospho-histone-H3 (PHH3) immunostaining, in the processing of pulmonary carcinoids as compared with the standard HE evaluation.

The impact of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate on the site and timing of recurrence and cancer-specific survival.

Background: To investigate the effect of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens in the context of the site of recurrence, time to recurrence, and cancer-specific survival in two academic cohorts of locally, regionally, or distantly recurrent prostate cancer.

Methods: Our cohort included men enrolled into two academic tissue repositories from 1993 to 2011, who were treated with first-line RP who later experienced local recurrence, regional recurrence, or distant metastasis (together termed clinical recurrence, CR). RP material was reviewed to identify IDC-P and to update grading to current standards.

The Effect of Lesion Size on the Organization of the Ipsilesional and Contralesional Motor Cortex.

Recovery of hand function following lesions in the primary motor cortex (M1) is associated with a reorganization of premotor areas in the ipsilesional hemisphere, and this reorganization depends on the size of the lesion. It is not clear how lesion size affects motor representations in the contralesional hemisphere and how the effects in the 2 hemispheres compare. Our goal was to study how lesion size affects motor representations in the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres.

Inhibition of the contralesional hemisphere after stroke: reviewing a few of the building blocks with a focus on animal models.

The last decade of neuroscience research has revealed that the adult brain can undergo substantial reorganization following injury. Plasticity after stroke has traditionally been perceived as adaptive and supporting recovery, but recent studies have suggested that some plasticity may also be detrimental. In particular, increased activity in the unaffected (contralesional) hemisphere has been proposed to contribute to motor deficits of the paretic hand in some patients.

Acute inactivation of the contralesional hemisphere for longer durations improves recovery after cortical injury.

A rapidly growing number of studies using inhibition of the contralesional hemisphere after stroke are reporting improvement in motor performance of the paretic hand. These studies have used different treatment onset time, duration and non-invasive methods of inhibition. Whereas these results are encouraging, several questions regarding the mechanisms of inhibition and the most effective treatment parameters are currently unanswered.

Mucins in neoplastic spectrum of colorectal polyps: can they provide predictions?

Background: The significance of expression of different mucins in succession of malignant transformation of colorectal polyps is not determined yet. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 in colorectal polyps and to evaluate the applicability of using mucin expression in predicting the extent of malignant transformation in colorectal polyps.

Methods: A total of 454 polyp specimens comprising 36 hyperplastic polyps, 15 serrated adenomas, 258 tubular adenomas, 114 tubulovillous adenomas, and 31 villous adenomas were included in this study, and were immunostained for MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 by using mucin specific antibodies.

Colorectal cancer in Iran: immunohistochemical profiles of four mismatch repair proteins.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of mismatch repair (MMR) defects in Iranian colorectal cancer patients by using immunohistochemical staining for products of four MMR genes: MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6.

Methods: Tissue samples of 343 patients were immunostained for MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6. Clinical and family history and survival data were compared between normal and abnormal staining patterns.

Obesity and functional constipation; a community-based study in Iran.

Background: Many factors have been linked to the occurrence of constipation, but few studies exist regarding the link between obesity and constipation. The aim of this study was to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and functional constipation in the Iranian community.

Methods: From May 2006 to December 2007, a cross sectional study was conducted in the Tehran province and a total of 18,180 adult persons were drawn up randomly.

Burden of hospitalization for gastrointestinal tract cancer patients - Results from a cross-sectional study in Tehran.

Background: Cancer is the third most common cause of death in Iran. The gastrointestinal cancers are the most frequent neoplasms among Iranian males and second to breast cancer among females. The objective of this study was to provide accurate up-to-date epidemiological information of hospitalized patients with GI tract cancer in Iran.