[Oral sedation in pediatric outpatient dentistry].

The Aim Of The Study: Was to improve the quality of treatment in pediatric outpatient dentistry with the effective use of oral sedation.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 60 children aged 3-12 years who were undergoing therapeutic/surgical dental treatment. All children's somatic state was assessed as ASAI-II.

Improved accuracy for estrous cycle staging using supervised object detection.

The estrous cycle regulates reproductive events and hormone changes in female mammals and is analogous to the menstrual cycle in humans. Monitoring this cycle is necessary as it serves as a biomarker for overall health and is crucial for interpreting study results. The estrous cycle comprises four stages influenced by fluctuating levels of hormones, mainly estradiol and progesterone.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of two organic salts based on 1,3,4-thia-diazole derivatives.

During attempts to achieve inter-action between 2-amino-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thia-diazole with oxalyl chloride and 5-mercapto-3-phenyl-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-thione with various diacid anhydrides, we obtained two co-crystals (organic salts), namely, 2-amino-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thia-diazol-3-ium hemioxalate, CHNS·0.5CO , (I), and 4-(di-methyl-amino)-pyridin-1-ium 4-phenyl-5-sulfanyl-idene-4,5-di-hydro-1,3,4-thia-diazole-2-thiol-ate, CHN ·CHNS , (II). Both solids were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and by Hirshfeld surface analysis.

[CAUSES AND PREVENTION OF POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING AFTER ADENOTONSILLECTOMY IN CHILDREN IN THE GENERAL ANESTHESIA].

The aim of the research is to determine the reasons of post operative nausea and vomiting and to compare the efficiency of taken PONVprophylaxis after adenotonsillectomy with general anesthesia in children. 155 patients took part in the research work at the age from 3 to 10 years, of ASAI-II physical status, who were operated on in planned order because of adenotonsillectomy. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the type of holding PONV prophylaxis.

[THE USE OF VOLATILE AGENTS FOR SEDATION IN CHILDREN IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT].

Sedation is a controllable level of medication depression of consciousness during which protective reflexes, adequate breathing, and responsiveness to physical stimuli and verbal commands are retained A number of physical and psychological factors affect the psyche of patients in the intensive care unit. Central nervous system (CNS) is a primary target of action of anesthetics and analgesics, and the bi-spectral index reflects the level of sedation of CNS, regardless of what drug caused sedation. The aim of this study was to use volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane in children for sedation in the intensive care unit.

[AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN CHILDREN DURING RESECTION OF THE TONSILS].

Materials And Methods: We conducted a comparative evaluation of anesthesia used during tracheal intubation with and without the application of muscle relaxants in cases of adenotonsillectomy in children. Intubation parameters were evaluated according to Cormack-Lehane scale; the presence of cough reflex, limb movement, laryngospasm and desaturation during intubation was also taken into account. The presence of cough, husky voice, and complaints of pain in the throat were recorded in the monitoring report after extubation.

[Simulator for epidural anaesthesia skill training with ultrasound control].

The article deals with skills improving problem of epidural anaesthesia with ultrasound control. Methods of gelatin spinal column model making, use and its economical side are discussed in the article.

[EEG and bispectral analysis during inhalational anesthesia in children].

Bispectral index (BIS) is a parameter of the depth of anesthesia, but the use of it in children remains discussable. The study was carried out to compare EEG and BIS considering the age of patients during anesthesia with halotane, sevoflurane and consequent combination of sevoflurane and isoflurane. 60 children 3 to 17 years of age, who underwent urological surgeries, were divided into 3 groups (20 patients in each): 1st--halothane group, 2nd--sevoflurane group and 3rd--consequent combination of sevodlurane and isoflurane group.

[Intensive care of traumatic brain injury in children].

Traumatic brain injury among other injuries of human body reaches up to 30-50% and, according to the WHO, it grows by 2%. Severe traumatic brain injury (such as severe brain contusion, epidural, subdural and intracerebral hematoma, intracerebral hygroma, diffuse axonal injury) in the structure of general trauma amounts 4-20%. The prognosis of traumatic brain injury mainly depends on the timeliness of the first aid.

[Myoplegia during laparascopic surgeries in children].

The purpose of the study is to optimize the general anesthesia for laparoscopic surgery in children with rokuronium bromide. We investigated the effect of rokuronium on children from 3 to 17 years of age who underwent laparoscopic surgery for up to one hour in the department of anesthesiology and resuscitation of Tushino City Pediatric Hospital. The study included 31 children rated ASA I-II.

[Electroencephalographic monitoring during sevofluorane and halothane anesthesia in children].

Twenty-two children aged 5 to 15 years were examined. Ten children underwent fluorothane; 12 received a combination of sevofluorane and isofluorane. EEG was continuously recorded by a 9-channel computer-assisted encephalograph via bilateral electrode placement and BIS values were simultaneously measured.

[BIS-monitoring of sedative therapy of children in intensive care units].

The depth of sedation was studied in children at intensive care units. Sixty-five children aged 4 to 14 years who had severe purulent abdominal processes and somatic diseases were examined. The depth of sedation was recorded by BIS monitoring and the Ramsey clinical sedation scale was used to make a clinical evaluation.

[Regional anesthesia and sedation during extremity operations in children].

Twenty-five studies were made in patients aged 12 to 15 years, who had been operated on for extremity injuries. The patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) those who had been given regional anesthesia with sedation (n=10) and (2) those who had received apparatus-mask anesthesia (n=15). The following parameters: heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output were estimated.

[Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol on hemodynamic changes during postoperative analgesia in children].

The purpose of the present study was to comparatively assess the adequacy of postoperative analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol in children undergone "minor" surgical interventions. For postoperative analgesia in children, the authors used paracetamol in a single dose of 25-30 mg/kg, diclofenac in a dose of 1.5-2.

[Postoperative analgesia with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs in children].

The purpose of the case-study was to evaluate the efficiency of non-steroid antiinflammatory drugs (NAD) for postoperative analgesia in children after small-scope surgical interventions. Diclofenac, 1 mg/kg per day administered as rectal suppositories or intramuscular injections after initial narcosis, was used for postoperative analgesia in children of the main group; postoperative analgesia made by analgin and promedol in the control group was compared with the former. Forty-seven children and 10 children with identical diseases like groin hernia, varicocele and dropsy of testicular membranes, were respectively in the main and control groups.

[Clinical picture of awakening after general anesthesia with midazolam, propofol, ketamine and fluothane in children treated at one-day ambulatory facility].

The study was carried out in 75 children aged 6-12 years with the physical status ASA I. The operations were performed on the lymphadenoid throat ring in a one-day setting. Awakening after anesthesia was evaluated by the following parameters: time between the end of intervention and extubation of the trachea, opening the eyes when asked, transportation from the operation room into the ward, and first dialogue with the doctor.

[Diprivan as a component of the anesthesia in emergency surgical interventions in children].

Sixty-seven children aged 5-15 years were induced to narcosis and narcotized with diprivan. The patients were operated on for appendicitis, peritonitis, osteomyelitis, phlegmons of different localization, and craniocerebral injuries. For induction, diprivan was intravenously injected in a dose of 3-4 mg/kg.

[General anesthesia in minor surgical interventions in children].

Central hemodynamics and reactions of the sympathoadrenal system were studied and mathematical analysis of heart rhythm carried out in 74 patients aged 8 to 14 under conditions of fluothane-oxide-oxygen narcosis, combined transcutaneous electroneurostimulation, transcranial electroneurostimulation, and calypsol. Fluothane combined with transcutaneous or transcranial electroneurostimulation is the most prevalent type of general analgesia in children subjected to minor interventions.

[Induction anesthesia with fluothane and calipsol in children].

The study was carried out in a day-time hospital in 107 children aged 4 to 15 years operated on for inguinal and umbilical hernias, varicocele, cryptorchidism, hydrocele, and phimosis. Central hemodynamics and autonomic nervous system during induction narcosis with fluothane and calipsol were examined. The course of fluothane narcosis was more smooth than that of calipsol induction.

[A comparative study of the cholinesterase and carboxylesterase sensitivities of mammals and arthropods to new phenyl and glycidyl esters of dialkyl thiophosphoric acid].

The antienzymic activities of 14 organophosphorous compounds, the derivatives of dialkyl thiophosphoric acid, towards the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and carboxylesterase (CE) from the spring grain aphid and mammals were investigated. The dependence of inhibitory activity of the compounds on their alkyl radical length was shown to be different for the AchE from the aphid and man. Some less pronounced differences in this dependence were revealed between the BuChEs from the aphid and horse as well as between the CEs from the aphid, mouse and red spider mite.

[Use of tramal during minor surgical interventions in children].

Intraoperative analgesia was performed using a combination of tramal at a dose of 2-2.5 mg/kg and transcranial electrical stimulation under halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen mask anesthesia. The study was performed in 12 apparently healthy boys aged 11-13 operated on for II to III degree varicocele.