Inflammation Is a Mediating Factor in the Association between Lifestyle and Fatigue in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Fatigue is very common among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We examined the association between adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) lifestyle recommendations and fatigue among stage I-III CRC patients, and whether inflammation mediated this association. Data from two prospective cohort studies were used.

Body composition and its association with fatigue in the first 2 years after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Purpose: Persistent fatigue among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients might be associated with unfavorable body composition, but data are sparse and inconsistent. We studied how skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMR), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) at diagnosis are associated with fatigue up to 24 months post-diagnosis in stage I-III CRC patients.

Methods: SMI, SMR, VAT, and SAT were assessed among 646 CRC patients using pre-treatment computed tomography images.

The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and inflammatory markers in the first 2 years after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Background: Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, may inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, which has been mechanistically linked to an attenuation of a pro-inflammatory state. The present study investigated the associations between circulating 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and inflammatory markers (IL10, IL8, IL6, TNFα and hsCRP) in the 2 years following CRC diagnosis.

Methods: Circulating 25(OH)D levels and inflammatory markers were assessed at diagnosis, after 6, 12 and 24 months from 798 patients with sporadic CRC participating in two prospective cohort studies.

Vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, and their interaction in relation to colorectal cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality.

Background: Higher concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] at diagnosis are associated with a lower mortality risk in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, magnesium and calcium are important in vitamin D metabolism.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate 25(OH)D3, magnesium, or calcium and their interaction among patients with CRC in relation to recurrence and all-cause mortality.

Associations of Abdominal Skeletal Muscle Mass, Fat Mass, and Mortality among Men and Women with Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer.

Background: The associations of abdominal skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT, respectively), and mortality among patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer may differ for men and women, but only few studies stratified their data into men and women. We investigated associations of abdominal SMI, VAT, and SAT with overall mortality among men and among women with stage I-III colorectal cancer.

Methods: SMI, VAT, and SAT were assessed from abdominal CT images for 1,998 patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2015.

Colorectal cancer survivors only marginally change their overall lifestyle in the first 2 years following diagnosis.

Purpose: A healthy lifestyle after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis may improve prognosis. Data related to lifestyle change in CRC survivors are inconsistent and potential interrelated changes are unknown.

Methods: We assessed dietary intake, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and smoking among 1072 patients diagnosed with stages I-III CRC at diagnosis, 6 months and 2 years post-diagnosis.

Are Ergothioneine Levels in Blood Associated with Chronic Peripheral Neuropathy in Colorectal Cancer Patients Who Underwent Chemotherapy?

Chronic Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) is highly prevalent among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Ergothioneine (ET) - a dietary antioxidant -protected against CIPN in experimental models, but human studies are lacking. We explored whether whole blood ET levels were associated with chronic peripheral neuropathy among CRC patients who had completed chemotherapy.

Low radiographic muscle density is associated with lower overall and disease-free survival in early-stage colorectal cancer patients.

Background: In cancer patients with a poor prognosis, low skeletal muscle radiographic density is associated with higher mortality. Whether this association also holds for early-stage cancer is not very clear. We aimed to study the association between skeletal muscle density and overall mortality among early-stage (stage I-III) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Mercury in the Black Sea: New Insights From Measurements and Numerical Modeling.

Redox conditions and organic matter control marine methylmercury (MeHg) production. The Black Sea is the world's largest and deepest anoxic basin and is thus ideal to study Hg species along the extended redox gradient. Here we present new dissolved Hg and MeHg data from the 2013 GEOTRACES MEDBlack cruise (GN04_leg2) that we integrated into a numerical 1-D model, to track the fate and dynamics of Hg and MeHg.

Evidences of strong sources of DFe and DMn in Ryder Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula.

The spatial distribution, biogeochemical cycling and external sources of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese (DFe and DMn) were investigated in Ryder Bay, a small coastal embayment of the West Antarctic Peninsula, during Austral summer (2013 and 2014). Dissolved concentrations were measured throughout the water column at 11 stations within Ryder Bay. The concentration ranges of DFe and DMn were large, between 0.

Dietary Intake of Magnesium or Calcium and Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and severe side-effect in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study assessed the association between habitual dietary intake of magnesium or calcium and prevalence and severity of chronic CIPN in CRC patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. For this prospective cohort study, 196 CRC patients were considered.

Return of naturally sourced Pb to Atlantic surface waters.

Anthropogenic emissions completely overwhelmed natural marine lead (Pb) sources during the past century, predominantly due to leaded petrol usage. Here, based on Pb isotope measurements, we reassess the importance of natural and anthropogenic Pb sources to the tropical North Atlantic following the nearly complete global cessation of leaded petrol use. Significant proportions of up to 30-50% of natural Pb, derived from mineral dust, are observed in Atlantic surface waters, reflecting the success of the global effort to reduce anthropogenic Pb emissions.

Bio-impedance analysis for appendicular skeletal muscle mass assessment in (pre-) frail elderly people.

Background & Aims: Screening populations for skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is important for early detection of sarcopenia. Our aim was to develop an age specific bio-impedance (BI) prediction equation for the assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) in (pre-) frail elderly people aged 65 and older.

Methods: Anthropometric, BI and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements from 106 (pre-) frail elderly subjects (61 females and 45 males, aged 65-96 years) were used to derive three ASMM prediction equations using multiple regression analysis: one for single frequency BI measurements at 50 kHz (ASMM), one for measurements at the characteristic frequency (ASMM) and one for bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (ASMM).

The distribution of dissolved iron in the West Atlantic Ocean.

Iron (Fe) is an essential trace element for marine life. Extremely low Fe concentrations limit primary production and nitrogen fixation in large parts of the oceans and consequently influence ocean ecosystem functioning. The importance of Fe for ocean ecosystems makes Fe one of the core chemical trace elements in the international GEOTRACES program.

Rapid invasion of anthropogenic CO2 into the deep circulation of the Weddell Gyre.

Data are presented for total carbon dioxide (TCO2), oxygen and nutrients from 14 cruises covering two repeat sections across the Weddell Gyre, from 1973 to 2010. Assessments of the rate of increase in anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) are made at three locations. Along the Prime Meridian, TCO2 is observed to steadily increase in the bottom water.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN PROBOSCIA ALATA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT AND CO2 CONDITIONS OF THE MODERN SOUTHERN OCEAN(1).

The combined effects of different light and aqueous CO2 conditions were assessed for the Southern Ocean diatom Proboscia alata (Brightwell) Sundström in laboratory experiments. Selected culture conditions (light and CO2(aq) ) were representative for the natural ranges in the modern Southern Ocean. Light conditions were 40 (low) and 240 (high) μmol photons · m(-2)  · s(-1) .

Distribution of size fractionated dissolved iron in the Canary Basin.

The distribution of size fractionated dissolved iron (DFe, <0.2 mum) species was determined in the upper water column (0-150 m) of the Canary Basin (25-32 degrees N and 18-24 degrees W) on a research cruise in October 2002. A DFe concentration gradient resulting from a decrease in both soluble iron (SFe, <0.

Mesoscale iron enrichment experiments 1993-2005: synthesis and future directions.

Since the mid-1980s, our understanding of nutrient limitation of oceanic primary production has radically changed. Mesoscale iron addition experiments (FeAXs) have unequivocally shown that iron supply limits production in one-third of the world ocean, where surface macronutrient concentrations are perennially high. The findings of these 12 FeAXs also reveal that iron supply exerts controls on the dynamics of plankton blooms, which in turn affect the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, silicon, and sulfur and ultimately influence the Earth climate system.

Enhanced open ocean storage of CO2 from shelf sea pumping.

Seasonal field observations show that the North Sea, a Northern European shelf sea, is highly efficient in pumping carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the North Atlantic Ocean. The bottom topography-controlled stratification separates production and respiration processes in the North Sea, causing a carbon dioxide increase in the subsurface layer that is ultimately exported to the North Atlantic Ocean. Globally extrapolated, the net uptake of carbon dioxide by coastal and marginal seas is about 20% of the world ocean's uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide, thus enhancing substantially the open ocean carbon dioxide storage.

The determination and distribution of Zn in surface water samples collected in the northeast Atlantic Ocean.

Dissolved Zn concentrations were determined in surface water samples collected on-line along transects in the eastern North Atlantic in spring (March 1998). Two frontal zones could be identified in the research area by a change in salinity, temperature and nutrient concentrations. One zone was identified at 42 degrees N, separating the North Atlantic central water (NACW) and the Atlantic surface water (ASW) from each other, and another one crossing the continental slope at 12 degrees and 8 degrees E, respectively.

Shipboard techniques based on flow injection analysis for measuring dissolved Fe, Mn and Al in seawater.

An overview is presented of sampling techniques and flow injection analysis (FIA) methods for low concentrations of Fe, Mn and Al in filtered seawater. On the basis of sampling procedures, filtration techniques, accuracy, blanks, detection limits, intercalibration results and oceanographic consistency, the feasibility of these FIA methods was evaluated. It was found that these metals could be measured on board with a minimum risk of contamination and with good accuracy even at low subnanomolar levels (<0.