A systematic review on physical mutagens in rice breeding in Southeast Asia.

In the 1920s, Lewis Stadler initiated the introduction of permanent improvements to the genetic makeup of irradiated plants. Since then, studies related to breeding mutations have grown, as efforts have been made to expand and improve crop productivity and quality. Stadler's discovery began with x-rays on corn and barley and later extended to the use of gamma-rays, thermal, and fast neutrons in crops.

First Report of Causing Leaf Spot on in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Rice ( L.) has been farmed in Malaysia since ancient times and is one of the most important commercial crops (Ma'arup et al. 2020).

First Report of Causing Damping-Off and Leaf Blight on in Malaysia.

is an evergreen perennial vine that grows as an edible leafy vegetable in Malaysia (Nordin et al. 2007). During January 2021, a cottony white hypha associated with aggregates of white to brown sclerotia and symptoms of damping-off were visualized on the stem base of at the soil surface in an isolated field (~0.