Peripheral edema induced by isosorbide mononitrate in an elderly patient: A case study of dose-related risks and drug interactions.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in elderly patients are frequently attributed to age-related altered pharmacokinetics and the complexities of polypharmacy to manage multiple chronic conditions, making elderly patients more susceptible to ADRs. The following is a case report of an 80-year-old female patient with systemic symptoms of chest pain, low blood sugar, mouth ulcers, and concentrates on peripheral edema due to nitrate vasodilator isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN). She had hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Intranasal delivery of doxepin: enhancing brain targeting efficiency utilizing nanostructured lipid carriers for a biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system class-I drug.

Doxepin, a Class-I Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) drug, exhibits poor bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism. This research focuses on enhancing the delivery of doxepin by formulating nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) through the utilization of the Box-Behnken Design methodology. These optimized NLCs are intended for intranasal administration, with the ultimate goal of improving nose-to-brain drug delivery.

Clozapine-laden carbon dots delivered to the brain via an intranasal pathway: Synthesis, characterization, ex vivo, and in vivo studies.

Clozapine, which is widely used to treat schizophrenia, shows low bioavailability due to poor solubility and high first-pass metabolism. The study aimed to design clozapine-loaded carbon dots (CDs) to enhance availability of the clozapine to the brain via intranasal pathway. The CDs were synthesized by pyrolysis of citric acid and urea at 200 °C by hydrothermal technique and characterized by photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR).

Design, Development, and Evaluation of SA-F127:TPGS Polymeric Mixed Micelles for Improved Delivery of Glipizide Drug: In-vitro, Ex-vivo, and In-vivo Investigations.

The anti-diabetic glipizide (GLN) drug has notable pharmaceutical advantages, but poor aqueous solubility restricts its wide applications. The present work was to develop a mixed polymeric micelle system composed of SA-F127 and TPGS to improve the water solubility and effective delivery of the GLN. First, we synthesized SA-F127 and confirmed it through FTIR, NMR, and GPC techniques.

Proton pump inhibitors and osteoporosis risk: exploring the role of TRPM7 channel.

Background: Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis, with various indirect mechanisms so far identified. Although no direct underlying mechanism for effect on bone cells have been investigated with the use of PPIs. Melastatin-like transient receptor potential 7 (TRPM7)channel has been engaged in the proliferation of bone cells.

Nose to brain delivery of tailored clozapine nanosuspension stabilized using (+)-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate: Optimization and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies.

Clozapine is widely used to treat schizophrenia as an atypical antipsychotic. Low solubility, poor dissolution rate, degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, high hepatic first-pass metabolism, and eventually less drug transfer in the brain are all issues with oral clozapine administration. On account of this poor pharmacokinetic parameters, the authors aimed to develop clozapine nanosuspension using (+)-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 (PVP K-30) and deliver it through the intranasal route.

Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Etodolac by the Liquisolid Compact Technique: Optimisation, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluation.

Background: Poor dissolution of Etodolac is one of the major challenges in achieving the desired therapeutic effect in oral therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the potential of the liquisolid compact technique in increasing the rate of dissolution of Etodolac and thus its bioavailability.

Methods: Liquisolid compacts were prepared using PEG 400, Avicel PH-200 and Aerosil 200 as non-volatile liquid, carrier and coating material, respectively.

Multiple drug delivery from the drug-implants-laden silicone contact lens: Addressing the issue of burst drug release.

A fixed combination of bimatoprost/timolol eye drop solution is used to manage the elevated intra-ocular pressure in glaucoma patients, including individuals whose condition is poorly controlled by monotherapy. Eye drop solutions are generally given in high dose, due to poor ocular bioavailability. The high ocular dose of bimatoprost and timolol lead to hyperaemia and systemic cardiac side effects respectively.

Repurposing of Iloperidone: Antihypertensive and ocular hypotensive activity in animals.

Purpose: Iloperidone, second generation antipsychotic drug, reported in clinical trial to produce orthostatic hypotension as side effect. It was claimed to be antagonistic at alpha adrenergic receptor in central nervous system. We evaluated effect of Iloperidone on peripheral alpha 1 adrenoreceptor by in silico and in vitro methods while in vivo hypotensive, antihypertensive and ocular hypotensive activity was evaluated in animals.

Effect of gold nanoparticles on timolol uptake and its release kinetics from contact lenses: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Contact lenses are ideally suited for extended drug delivery to the ocular tissues, but incorporation of any particulate system affects the critical properties of the contact lens. Timolol loading by the conventional soaking method does not significantly alter the critical properties of the contact lens. However, there are challenges of low drug loading and high burst release.

Contact lenses with dual drug delivery for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis.

Currently, bacterial conjunctivitis is treated by frequent administration of antibiotic eye drop solutions, which is tedious and patient noncompliant. Contact lenses could be ideal medical devices to sustain the release of ophthalmic drugs, but the incorporation of the latter can alter the optical and physical properties of the lenses. In addition, many contact lens users have reported the pink eye syndrome, making them unsuitable as ocular medical devices.

Co-delivery of timolol and hyaluronic acid from semi-circular ring-implanted contact lenses for the treatment of glaucoma: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Glaucoma is a chronic disease, which is currently treated using frequent high dose applications of an eye drop solution; this method is tedious, and most of patients are non-compliant to it. Contact lenses are emerging as a convenient option to sustain the release of ophthalmic drugs. However, the incorporation of a drug/formulation changes the optical and physical properties of contact lenses.

pH triggered controlled drug delivery from contact lenses: Addressing the challenges of drug leaching during sterilization and storage.

In the present work a novel cyclosporine-loaded Eudragit S100 (pH-sensitive) nanoparticles-laden contact lenses were designed to provide sustained release of cyclosporine at therapeutic rates, without leaching of drug during sterilization and storage period (shelf life). The nanoparticles were prepared by Quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique using different weight ratios of cyclosporine to Eudragit S100. The contact lenses with direct drug entrapment were also fabricated (DL-50) for comparison.

Effect of surfactant chain length on drug release kinetics from microemulsion-laden contact lenses.

The effect of surfactant chain lengths [sodium caprylate (C), Tween 20 (C), Tween 80 (C)] and the molecular weight of block copolymers [Pluronic F68 and Pluronic F 127] were studied to determine the stability of the microemulsion and its effect on release kinetics from cyclosporine-loaded microemulsion-laden hydrogel contact lenses in this work. Globule size and dilution tests (transmittance) suggested that the stability of the microemulsion increases with increase in the carbon chain lengths of surfactants and the molecular weight of pluronics. The optical transmittance of direct drug-laden contact lenses [DL-100] was low due to the precipitation of hydrophobic drugs in the lenses, while in microemulsion-laden lenses, the transmittance was improved when stability of the microemulsion was achieved.

Design and optimization of a novel implantation technology in contact lenses for the treatment of dry eye syndrome: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Unlabelled: Contact lenses are widely used for ophthalmic drug delivery, but incorporation of drug or formulation in the contact lenses affects its optical and physical property. In the present study, we have designed a novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-laden ring implant contact lenses (modified cast moulding method), to circumvent the changes in critical lens property. The objective was to improve the ocular residence time of HA, by providing sustained ocular HA delivery through implant contact lenses for the treatment of dry eye syndrome.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel implantation technology in hydrogel contact lenses for controlled drug delivery.

Glaucoma is commonly treated using eye drops, which is highly inefficient due to rapid clearance (low residence time) from ocular surface. Contact lenses are ideally suited for controlled drug delivery to cornea, but incorporation of any drug loaded particulate system (formulation) affect the optical and physical property of contact lenses. The objective of the present work was to implant timolol maleate (TM) loaded ethyl cellulose nanoparticle-laden ring in hydrogel contact lenses that could provide controlled drug delivery at therapeutic rates without compromising critical lens properties.

Effect of Boerhaavia diffusa in experimental prostatic hyperplasia in rats.

Objective: Present investigation was undertaken to study the effectiveness of hydroalcoholic extract of roots of Boerhaavia diffusa in experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats using various animal models.

Materials And Methods: BPH in rats was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone (5 mg/kg) daily for 28 days. Rats were divided in to five groups (six rats each).

Antiurolithiatic activity of saponin rich fraction from the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: A well-known traditional herb Solanum xanthocarpum is widely used in India for the management of different ailments including urolithiasis. This study was designed to rationalize the use of Solanum xanthocarpum in kidney stone and to investigate its mechanism of action.

Materials And Methods: The saponin rich fraction prepared from fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum (SXS) was evaluated for antiurolithiatic activity by in vitro and in vivo studies.

Protective effect of aqueous extract of Oroxylum indicum Linn. (root bark) against DNBS-induced colitis in rats.

Objective: Aqueous root extract of Oroxylum indicum was evaluated in rats against dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis.

Materials And Methods: Rats were pre-treated orally for seven days and continued for four days after the induction of colitis with OI(aq) (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) or vehicle. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 25 mg of DNBS per rat dissolved in 50% alcohol and 4 days later, the colonic mucosal damage was analyzed along with food intake, body weight, colon weight, spleen weight, histological damage, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide levels in colonic tissue homogenate.

A method for content uniformity determination of atenolol and losartan potassium in combined tablet dosage form.

A simple, accurate, rapid, specific and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method was developed for estimation of content uniformity of atenolol and losartan potassium in its combined tablet dosage form. The method involves formation and solving the simultaneous equation using 226.4 and 254 nm as two wavelengths for atenolol and losartan, respectively.

Antiurolithiatic Activity of Whole-Plant Hydroalcoholic Extract of Pergularia daemia in Rats.

The whole-plant, Pergularia daemia (Family: Asclepediaceae), extract (50% alcohol) was investigated for its antiurolithiatic and diuretic activity. Ethylene glycol (0.75% in water) feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate.

Assessment of the antidiabetic potential of Cassia grandis using an in vivo model.

The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. grandis (Family: Leguminosae) were evaluated for antidiabetic activity by a glucose tolerance test, in normal rats and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed that they significantly lowered the blood glucose levels to normal in the glucose tolerance test.