[Elimination of anatomical and esthetic lesions in patients with rough infected defects of tissue].

The reconstructive plastic operations were made in 217 patients with infected tissue defects with continuous regional infusions or with a simultaneous sanitizing operation, or within 7-15 days. Skin plasty, catheterization of the main artery (210), secondary surgical treatment and sequest-necrectomy (185), osteosynthesis (106), bone plasty (69) and others (1118 operations in all) were carried on in all the patients, i.e.

[The diagnosis of motor disorders of the small intestine in peritonitis in children and the rationale for pathogenetic methods of correction].

The work deals with the results of experimental (200 animals) and clinical (20 patients) study into the role of the efferent link of the autonomic nervous system in regulating motor activity of the small intestine and the possibility of using direct electroenteromyography in the diagnosis of the stages of paresis and the degree of motor disorders in peritonitis. The pathogenetic methods of treatment of intestinal paresis are substantiated. Medicamentous stimulation of the cholinergic nervous system in peritonitis is effective only when intactness of the intramural ganglia is maintained, in which case the electroenteromyographic test with neostigmine methylsulfate or cerucal may be conducted.

[The myoarchitectonics of the human gastric cardia].

Anatomical investigations of the muscular layer of the cardia in corpses of adults (30-70 years of age) have shown the presence in the cardia of a 25-35 mm long sphincter disposed at an angle to the horizontal plane. Its formation proceeds with the participation of both the esophageal musculature (circular layer) and gastric musculature (gastro-esophageal fibers of the oblique muscular layer). As a whole, myo-architectonics of the cardia is dependent on the character of interrelation of the muscular layers of the esophagus and stomach which is responsible for the opening and closure of the gastro-esophageal junction.

[Clinical aspects of anatomy of the nervous apparatus of the pharyngoesophageal junction].

By examining extraorgan innervation of the pharyngeal-esophageal junction of adult cadavers, it was found that the risk of injury of the superior laryngeal nerve and its branches was very high during larynx resection and extirpation, lateral pharyngotomy, thyroid gland resection according to the method of A.V. Martynov, and Crile's operation.

[The morphology of the cardia and the pylorus in the Chiroptera].

Organ complexes of bats (Nyctalis noctula), consisting of oesophagus, stomach and initial part of the small intestine have been subjected to histological and morphometrical investigation. As demonstrates the histological investigation of the preparations, the denticulate line of the mucous membrane of the oesophageal-gastric passage is displaced towards the stomach. In the cardia a well manifested internal sphincter has been revealed.

[Structural and functional organization of the upper esophageal sphincter].

Using traditional anatomical and histological methods, the muscle envelope of the pharynx-esophagus junction was investigated in humans and dogs. In the upper (cranial) portion of the esophagus of man and dogs, an inferior anatomical sphincter was detected which histologically can be referred to the group of rhabdo-sphincters. The upper esophageal sphincter is a purely esophageal structure which in man is located at a distance of 25-30 cm from the maxillary incisors.

[Surgical anatomy of the gastroduodenal junction].

The structure of the gastroduodenal passage from the surgical viewpoint was studied in 50 preparations taken from corpses of people from neonatal age to 80 years. There is a well pronounced layer of the connective tissue on the border between the stomach and duodenum which may be of significance for pathogenesis of traumatic abruption of the duodenum from the stomach. The pyloric sphincter is characterized by asymmetry of the wall thickness and oblique disposition.

[Functional morphology of the cricopharyngeal muscle].

In the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior constrictor in the human and canine pharynx, there is a group of odd muscle fibers (transversal portion), which contracts at every phase of sigh. Registration of mechanical and electrical activity of the transversal portion of the canine cricopharyngeal muscle in chronic experiments demonstrates an important role of this structure to prevent from getting an excessive amount of air into the digestive tract at a sigh.