[Extraskeletal osteosarcoma: nosologocal diversity, morphology, differential diagnosis, and features of metastasis].

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor with histologic similarities to primary bone osteosarcoma. However, there are distinct differences in epidemiology, imaging features, biological characteristics, prognosis, and management compared with osteogenic osteosarcoma. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is usually characterized as high-grade neoplasm with clinically aggressive behavior, poor prognosis, frequent recurrence/lymphogenic metastatsis, and resistence to chemotherapy.

[Reconstructive operations on the artificial esophagus].

The authors have made an analysis of 325 esophagoplasties at the period from 1950 till 1988. In 65 patients 87 reconstructive operations were fulfilled, 19 most difficult patients being transferred from surgical hospitals after numerous surgical interventions to the Savinykh Clinic of the Medical Institute. The authors consider that patients with diseases of the esophagus should be directed to special medical institutions and reconstructive operations must be performed by most experienced surgeons in such centers.

[Outcome of the surgical treatment of chemical burns of the esophagus and stomach].

Results of the treatment of 70 patients with chemical burns of the stomach and esophagus were studied. Isolated burns of the stomach were diagnosed in 33 patients (47%), associated burns of the stomach and esophagus--in 37 patients (53%). The operation of choice for isolated burns of the stomach may be Billroth-2 resection, while for complete cicatrization of the stomach it was gastrectomy.

[Blood coagulation disorders of circulation in the transplant and their prevention in small intestine esophagoplasty].

An analysis of 158 completed esophagoplastics has shown that necroses of the transplant made their appearance in 7.8% of cases, fistulas of anastomoses--in 38%. The basis of pathogenesis of these complications is microthromboses of venules and small veins of the intramural blood circulation of the mobilized small intestine transplant (syndrome of local hypercoagulation).

[Various indices of metabolism and non-specific immunity in cancer of the thoracic region of the esophagus].

Studies on protein and carbohydrate metabolism in 100 esophageal cancer patients showed a correlation between changes in metabolism, on the one hand, and stage, site and macroscopic pattern of tumor as well as degree of dysplasia, on the other. Metabolic indexes were shown to return to normal two years after resection of the esophagus and esophagoplasty using small intestine. A study involving 42 patients demonstrated that such parameters of non-specific immunity as complement activity and index of complete phagocytosis undergo maximum changes, viz.

[Late results of esophagoplasty in cicatricial strictures].

The remote results following the small intestine esophagoplasty in 110 out of 211 patients subjected to the operation are described. The artificial esophagus diseases were found in 24%. Methods for the treatment and prevention of the disease of the artificial esophagus are proposed.

[Diseases of the artificial esophagus].

A classification of diseases of the artificial esophagus is made on the basis of the observation of 319 patients with the artificial esophagus. Causes of the disease are analysed in 75 patients. Methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of the disease are recommended.