A systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis of eHealth and mHealth interventions for improving lifestyle behaviours.

The aim of this meta-meta-analysis was to systematically review randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence examining the effectiveness of e- and m-Health interventions designed to improve physical activity, sedentary behaviour, healthy eating and sleep. Nine electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 1 June 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of RCTs that evaluate e- and m-Health interventions designed to improve physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep and healthy eating in any adult population were included.

Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Combined with Brilliant Blue G Reduces Graft-versus-Host Disease without Compromising Graft-versus-Leukaemia Immunity in Humanised Mice.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) leads to the establishment of graft-versus-leukaemia (GVL) immunity, but in many cases also results in the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This study aimed to determine if P2X7 antagonism using Brilliant Blue G (BBG) could improve the beneficial effects of post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in a humanised mouse model of GVHD, without comprising GVL immunity. NOD.

Dissection of protein and RNA regions required for SPEN binding to XIST A-repeat RNA.

XIST noncoding RNA promotes the initiation of X chromosome silencing by recruiting the protein SPEN to one X chromosome in female mammals. The SPEN protein is also called SHARP (SMRT and HDAC-associated repressor protein) and MINT (Msx-2 interacting nuclear target) in humans. SPEN recruits N-CoR2 and HDAC3 to initiate histone deacetylation on the X chromosome, leading to the formation of repressive chromatin marks and silencing gene expression.

Validation of remote child weight and height measurements within a weight management trial.

Objective: The aim of this substudy within the Treatment Efforts Addressing Child Weight Management by Unifying Patients, Parents, and Providers (TEAM UP) pragmatic clinical trial was to compare the validity of anthropometric measurements collected remotely versus in person (≤7 days apart) among youth with obesity who were 6 to 15 years of age.

Methods: Child (n = 37) weight and height were measured in person by a trained data assessor. These were compared with measurements taken remotely by the child's parent with live videoconferencing observation by a study data assessor.

Adolescent Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Adiposity: A Prospective Cohort.

Objective: Examine the prospective association among diet with adolescent cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and anthropometrics.

Methods: Secondary analysis of an observational study of adolescents aged 10-16 years. Twenty-four-hour food recalls were used to calculate Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores.

Parents, but not their children, demonstrate greater delay discounting with resource scarcity.

Background: Individuals with obesity tend to discount the future (delay discounting), focusing on immediate gratification. Delay discounting is reliably related to indicators of economic scarcity (i.e.

Validation of remote assessment of preschool children's anthropometrics and motor skills.

Introduction: Remotely delivered treatment and research procedures were rapidly adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unclear if these measures are valid. The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of anthropometry and motor skill proficiency measurements collected in a remote-setting to in-person setting among a sample of children ages 3-4 years.

Protocol for community-driven selection of strategies to implement evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdoses in the HEALing Communities Study: a trial to evaluate a community-engaged intervention in Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York and Ohio.

Introduction: Opioid-involved overdose deaths continue to surge in many communities, despite numerous evidence-based practices (EBPs) that exist to prevent them. The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) was launched to develop and test an intervention (ie, Communities That HEAL (CTH)) that supports communities in expanding uptake of EBPs to reduce opioid-involved overdose deaths. This paper describes a protocol for a process foundational to the CTH intervention through which community coalitions select strategies to implement EBPs locally.

Interplay between Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Early Childhood Negative Temperament, and Slowness in Eating on Early Childhood Rapid Weight Gain.

Early childhood eating behaviors and temperament have been linked to excess weight gain in separate lines of research. However, the interplay among these variables along with maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) in predicting rapid weight gain is poorly understood. This observational study tested superfactors of early childhood temperament using the and their relationships with eating behavior using the on rapid weight gain among 9-18 months children ( = 283).

Combining generative artificial intelligence and on-chip synthesis for de novo drug design.

Automating the molecular design-make-test-analyze cycle accelerates hit and lead finding for drug discovery. Using deep learning for molecular design and a microfluidics platform for on-chip chemical synthesis, liver X receptor (LXR) agonists were generated from scratch. The computational pipeline was tuned to explore the chemical space of known LXRα agonists and generate novel molecular candidates.

Temperament and eating self-regulation in young children with or at risk for obesity: An exploratory report.

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between temperament and eating self-regulation in early childhood, despite emerging evidence for associations with pediatric obesity.

Method: The aim of this exploratory report was to examine the associations between three eating behaviors and three facets of temperament among 4- to 8-year-olds with or at risk for obesity.

Results: Among 28 participants in a family intervention to reduce eating speed, we found at baseline that slower child eating speed was associated with less surgency (r = -.

Family communication and patient distress after germline genetic testing in individuals with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Germline genetic testing currently is recommended for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the current study, the authors assessed how often results are communicated to first-degree relatives within 3 months and the emotional impact of testing on patients.

Methods: A total of 148 patients who were newly diagnosed with PDAC and who had undergone testing of 32 cancer susceptibility genes at 3 academic centers were selected; 71% participated.

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Details of Formation and Structure for GAA·TCC DNA and RNA Triplexes.

DNA and RNA triplexes are thought to play key roles in a range of cellular processes such as gene regulation and epigenetic remodeling and have been implicated in human disease such as Friedreich's ataxia. In this work, ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is used with supporting UV-visible spectroscopy to investigate DNA triplex assembly, considering stability and specificity, for GAA·TTC oligonucleotide sequences of relevance to Friedreich's ataxia. We demonstrate that, contrary to other examples, parallel triplex structures are favored for these sequences and that stability is enhanced by increasing oligonucleotide length and decreasing pH.

DNA triplex structure, thermodynamics, and destabilisation: insight from molecular simulations.

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to elucidate the structure and thermodynamics of DNA triplexes associated with the neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), as well as complexes of these triplexes with the small molecule netropsin, which is known to destabilise triplexes. The ability of molecular simulations in explicit solvent to accurately capture triplex thermodynamics is verified for the first time, with the free energy to dissociate a 15-base antiparallel purine triplex-forming oligomer (TFO) from the duplex found to be slightly higher than reported experimentally. The presence of netropsin in the minor groove destabilises the triplex as expected, reducing the dissociation free energy by approximately 50%.

Elucidation of Catalytic Strategies of Small Nucleolytic Ribozymes From Comparative Analysis of Active Sites.

A number of small, self-cleaving ribozyme classes have been identified including the hammerhead, hairpin, hepatitis delta virus (HDV), Varkud satellite (VS), , twister, hatchet, pistol, and twister sister ribozymes. Within the active sites of these ribozymes, myriad functional groups contribute to catalysis. There has been extensive structure-function analysis of individual ribozymes, but the extent to which catalytic devices are shared across different ribozyme classes is unclear.

Insurance Status Is Related to Receipt of Therapy and Survival in Patients with Early-Stage Pancreatic Exocrine Carcinoma.

. The study objective was to determine how insurance status relates to treatment receipt and overall survival for patients with early-stage pancreatic exocrine carcinoma. .

Hybrid Network Model for "Deep Learning" of Chemical Data: Application to Antimicrobial Peptides.

We present a "deep" network architecture for chemical data analysis and classification together with a prospective proof-of-concept application. The model features a self-organizing map (SOM) as the input layer of a feedforward neural network. The SOM converts molecular descriptors to a two-dimensional image for further processing.

Comparison of the redox chemistry of sulfur- and selenium-containing analogs of uracil.

Selenium is present in proteins in the form of selenocysteine, where this amino acid serves catalytic oxidoreductase functions. The use of selenocysteine in nature is strongly associated with redox catalysis. However, selenium is also found in a 2-selenouridine moiety at the wobble position of tRNA, tRNA and tRNA.

Scoring of de novo Designed Chemical Entities by Macromolecular Target Prediction.

Computational de novo molecular design and macromolecular target prediction have become routine in applied cheminformatics. In this study, we have generated populations of drug template-derived designs using ligand-based building block assembly, and predicted their potential targets. The results of our analysis show that the reaction-based de novo design generated new chemical entities with similar properties and pharmacophores as that of the template drugs as well as up to 44 % of the de novo compounds receiving the correct target predictions.

Obesity is associated with increased risk of invasive penile cancer.

Background: To validate the association between obesity and penile cancer at a population level, we conducted a matched case-control study linking the Iowa Department of Motor Vehicles Drivers' License Database (DLD) with cancer surveillance data collected by the State Health Registry of Iowa (SHRI).

Methods: All men diagnosed with invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma from 1985 to 2010 were identified by SHRI. Two hundred sixty-six cancer cases and 816 cancer-free male controls, selected from the Iowa DLD, were matched within 5-year age and calendar year strata.

Disruption of thioredoxin metabolism enhances the toxicity of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibition in KRAS-mutated colon cancer cells.

Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is critical for survival of many KRAS mutated colorectal cancer cells, and TAK1 inhibition with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol has been associated with oxidative stress leading to tumor cell killing. When SW 620 and HCT 116 human colon cancer cells were treated with 5µM 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, cell viability, growth, and clonogenic survival were significantly decreased. Consistent with TAK1 inhibition being causally related to thiol-mediated oxidative stress, 10mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) partially reversed the growth inhibitory effects of 5Z-7-oxozeaenol.

Pharmacological Ascorbate Radiosensitizes Pancreatic Cancer.

The toxicity of pharmacologic ascorbate is mediated by the generation of H2O2 via the oxidation of ascorbate. Because pancreatic cancer cells are sensitive to H2O2 generated by ascorbate, they would also be expected to become sensitized to agents that increase oxidative damage such as ionizing radiation. The current study demonstrates that pharmacologic ascorbate enhances the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation as seen by decreased cell viability and clonogenic survival in all pancreatic cancer cell lines examined, but not in nontumorigenic pancreatic ductal epithelial cells.