Carcinomas of unknown primary in the head and neck.

In approximately 3% to 5.5% of patients presenting with squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes, the primary source remains elusive despite extensive evaluation and biopsy. The presenting symptom of a unilateral neck mass is initially evaluated with a complete history and physical.

Lipopolysaccharide induces Rac1-dependent reactive oxygen species formation and coordinates tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion through IKK regulation of NF-kappa B.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important second messengers generated in response to many types of environmental stress. In this setting, changes in intracellular ROS can activate signal transduction pathways that influence how cells react to their environment. In sepsis, a dynamic proinflammatory cellular response to bacterial toxins (e.

Reproducibility of visual activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging at very high field strength (4 Tesla).

Purpose: The reproducibility of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been studied on 1.5 Tesla (T) (high field strength) scanners. We report the reproducibility of visual activation in fMRI at 4 T (very high field strength).

4.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of brainstem lesions with ocular motility deficits.

The authors studied six patients with brainstem ocular motility deficits with 4.0 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether a higher field strength would produce superior images compared with 1.5T.

[Mutational screening of peripherin/RDS genes, rhodopsin and ROM-1 in 69 index cases with retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal dystrophies].

Purpose: Phenotypic, genetic and molecular characterization of 69 index patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and various inherited retinal diseases.

Patients And Method: patients went through complete ocular examination and blood samples were drawn for mutational screening of three candidate genes: rhodopsin (RHO), peripherin/RDS, and ROM-1.

Results: the most frequent type of RP among our population was the autosomal dominant (43.

X-linked retinitis pigmentosa associated with a 2-base pair insertion in codon 99 of the RP3 gene RPGR.

Background: Mutations in the RPGR gene at the RP3 locus have been found to cause x-linked retinitis pigmentosa in some families.

Objectives: To identify a previously undescribed 2-base pair insertion in codon 99 of the RPGR gene and to describe the phenotype in a well-characterized family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.

Design: Case reports with clinical features, fluorescein angiography, kinetic perimetry, electrophysiological studies, and molecular genetics.

Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts.

Objective: To investigate whether changes in certain perinatal and social factors explain the increased prevalence of hay fever and eczema among British adolescents between 1974 and 1986.

Design: Two prospective birth cohort studies.

Setting: England, Wales, and Scotland.

Serine-27-phenylalanine mutation within the peripherin/RDS gene in a family with cone dystrophy.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and electrophysiologic findings in a family with two heterozygous sequence changes in the peripherin-retinal degeneration slow (RDS) gene.

Methods: A family study was done of a pedigree obtained by screening for rhodopsin, peripherin/RDS, or rom-1 gene mutations in probands from families with hereditary retinal diseases. The patients consisted of three affected and four unaffected members from a family with cone dystrophy.

Full characterization of the maculopathy associated with an Arg-172-Trp mutation in the RDS/peripherin gene.

The objective of this study was to fully characterize the macular dystrophy phenotype and genotype in a large family of the Zermatt area of Switzerland. Clinical and molecular studies of the family included a comprehensive eye examination and a mutational analysis of the RDS, rhodopsin, and TIMP-3 genes. In selected cases, fluorescein angiography, perimetry, and electroretinography were performed.

Rehabilitation of ten soldiers with exertional rhabdomyolysis.

This case study describes the rehabilitation of 10 active duty U.S. soldiers with exertional rhabdomyolysis.

Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts.

Background: Data from two national British birth cohorts were used to measure the increase in prevalence of wheezing illness at age 16 between 1974 and 1986, and to investigate the role of several potential risk factors in the increase.

Methods: The occurrence of self-reported asthma or wheezy bronchitis within the past year, and the frequency of attacks of wheezing illness at age 16, were compared in 11,262 and 9266 children born in one week of 1958 and 1970, respectively. The effects of several putative risk factors for asthma--including birth weight, maternal age, birth order, breast feeding, maternal smoking in pregnancy, child's personal smoking, and father's social class--on the change in occurrence of wheezing illness at age 16 were assessed by multiple logistic regression.

Sports participation and emotional wellbeing in adolescents.

Background: Regular physical activity may have psychological benefits. Our study assessed the association between extent of participation in regular sport or vigorous recreational activity and emotional wellbeing in adolescents aged 16 years.

Methods: Data were collected from a cohort of adolescents, born between April 5 and April 11, 1970, in England, Scotland, and Wales, who took part in the follow-up assessment at age 16 years.

Reversible hepatic dysfunction in association with cyclophosphamide therapy.

A 5.5-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome was treated with cyclophosphamide. After 9 weeks of therapy she developed jaundice and abnormal liver function tests.

Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood.

The object of this study was to determine the relative importance of low birth weight, preterm birth, low maternal age, household size, exposure to maternal smoking, personal smoking at 16 yrs of age, early termination of breastfeeding and socioeconomic status in the aetiology of wheezing illness in the first 5 yrs of life, and on the persistence of this illness at 16 yrs of age. In 15,712 children born in Britain during one week of April 1970, the occurrence of wheezing by 5 yrs of age, and of wheezing in the past year at 16 yrs of age within this group were analysed in multivariate logistic regression against each potential risk factor. The independent determinants of wheezing by 5 yrs of age were male sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) for 15+ cigarettes.

A cell suspension agar diffusion test using Neutral Red release to assess the relative irritancy potential of cosmetic ingredients and formulations.

Synopsis An established cytotoxicity test for plastic materials in medical devices has been adapted and used to assess the relative potential irritancy of cosmetic ingredients and formulations during product development. Serum-free medium containing a novel protein supplement supported growth in suspension of LS mouse fibroblast cells. Release of the vital dye Neutral Red from pre-loaded cells suspended in agar was the endpoint.

Exploration of doctor and patient agendas in general practice consultations.

A method for the interactional analysis of doctor/patient consultations is described and applied to six naturally occurring general practice interviews by three raters. The method is reliable given sufficient training and satisfies the stringent criteria for any method of analysis for medical interviews proposed by Wasserman and Inui [1: Wasserman R.C.

A high incidence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in 4-11 year old children.

A study assessing the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in two primary schools in Birmingham, U.K. was performed.

Principle agendas of doctors and patients in general practice consultations.

Seventy-three general practice interviews were analysed according to the method described by Butler et al. Results for the three principal agenda types (physical, emotional and social) are presented in terms of the control exerted by either doctor or patient in determining the content of the interview. Both doctor and patient address physical agendas to a similar high degree.

A trial of health education aimed to reduce cigarette smoking among pregnant women.

Three hundred and forty-six women who reported smoking one or more cigarettes per day prior to the 20th week of gestation were recruited into a trial of health educational counselling to stop or reduce cigarette smoking. Counselling was begun at the first prenatal visit and then continued subsequently in the home. Among the 319 women included in analysis, at first follow-up visit those who received counselling smoked 1.

An experimental analysis of perfectionism and dissatisfaction.

The striving after perfection has been often mentioned in clinical literature; however, there have been few systematic analyses of the concept. In the present study, a questionnaire measure of Perfectionism and General Dissatisfaction (the SCANS) together with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and measures thought to gauge aspects of perfectionistic thinking, were administered to a mixed group of 148 subjects, including 25 eating disorder patients. Perfectionism was found to correlate negatively with Psychoticism (as measured by the EPQ) and positively with the Lie scale.

The relationship between the indications for the surgical removal of impacted third molars and the incidence of alveolar osteitis.

Six hundred forty-two impacted third molars were surgically removed in 412 patients. Before surgery, each patient was assessed clinically and radiographically, and the reason for the removal of each tooth was specifically recorded. One hundred eighty-two of the impacted teeth were removed for prophylactic reasons and 460 for therapeutic reasons.

Facilitating a trainee collaborative study.

The Essex faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners organized a collaborative study for trainees in Essex between October 1986 and July 1988. Of the trainees in post during the study period, 28 (46%) participated. The study was performed not only as an educational exercise for trainees in their practice year but also to assess the feasibility of collaborative study as a research tool in general practice.