Isolates from Water Samples of the Gulf of Mexico Show Similar Virulence Properties but Different Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles than Clinical Isolates.

is an opportunistic pathogen found in a wide variety of environments, including soil, water, and habitats associated with animals, humans, and plants. From a One Health perspective, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, it is important to study the virulence characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of environmental bacteria. In this study, we compared the virulence properties and the antibiotic resistance profiles of seven isolates collected from the Gulf of Mexico with those of seven clinical strains of .

Interactions between the AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator InvF of Salmonella Typhimurium, the RNA polymerase alpha subunit and the chaperone SicA.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes gastroenteritis and systemic infections in humans. For this bacterium the expression of a type III secretion system (T3SS) and effector proteins encoded in the Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 (SPI-1), is keystone for the virulence of this bacterium. Expression of these is controlled by a regulatory cascade starting with the transcriptional regulators HilD, HilC and RtsA that induce the expression of HilA, which then activates expression of the regulator InvF, a transcriptional regulator of the AraC/XylS family.

Anti-Mullerian hormone and spontaneous puberty in a diverse US Turner syndrome clinic cohort: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) concentrations have been proposed as a marker of spontaneous puberty and future fertility in Turner syndrome (TS). Gonadotropins during minipuberty may also provide a clue to ovarian function but there is insufficient data to inform utility in the routine clinical management of TS. Our objective was to describe the distribution of AMH in a cross-sectional cohort of patients in a TS specialty clinic, and correlate with spontaneous puberty and karyotype, as well as gonadotropins during the minipuberty of infancy in a smaller subset of patients aged 2-9 months.

Effect of photodynamic therapy on multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A scoping review.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, non-fermenting coccobacillus of the Moraxellaceae family. It is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for several hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) associated with skin and tissue infections at surgical sites, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and central line catheters. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) A.

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Pseudomonas sp. GOM7, a novel marine bacterial species with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a serious threat to global health. The development of new drugs to combat infections caused by bacteria resistant to multiple or even all available antibiotics is urgent. Most antibiotics used up to date have been identified from soil microorganisms.

Characteristics of vitamin D deficiency hypocalcemia inpatient admissions at a single tertiary center.

Objectives: Severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency can result in life-threatening presentations due to hypocalcemia leading to seizures and cardiac arrhythmias. vitamin D deficiency is a common cause of hypocalcemia and rickets in children; however, there are no recent studies on the burden of inpatient admissions in the United States. Our study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of inpatient admissions due to severe hypocalcemia and 25(OH)D deficiency at a freestanding academic children's hospital.

CsrA Positively and Directly Regulates the Expression of the , , and Genes Required for the Luminal Replication of Typhimurium.

Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella, have evolved to thrive in the inflamed gut. Genes located within the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) mediate the invasion of cells from the intestinal epithelium and the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response. Alternative electron acceptors become available in the inflamed gut and are utilized by Salmonella for luminal replication through the metabolism of propanediol and ethanolamine, using the enzymes encoded by the and genes.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of ZIF-67.

Currently, antibiotic-resistant bacteria represent a serious threat to public health worldwide. Biofilm formation potentiates both virulence and antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Therefore, the discovery of new antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds is an issue of paramount importance to combat and prevent hard-to-treat bacterial infections.

Coccidioidal Pulmonary Cavitation: A New Age.

species are thermally dimorphic fungi found in geographically defined areas of the Western Hemisphere. The primary portal of entry is respiratory, with symptomatic pneumonic diseases as the most common presentation. Subsequent pulmonary complications as well as extrapulmonary metastatic infection may occur, either of which may be the presenting disease manifestation.

hilD Is Required for the Active Internalization of Salmonella Newport into Cherry Tomatoes.

Salmonella enterica is a foodborne pathogen that can be internalized into fresh produce. Most of the Salmonella virulence genes are clustered in regions denominated Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI). SPI-1 encodes a Type Three Secretion System (T3SS-1) and effector proteins that allow the internalization of Salmonella into animal cells.

Inducing Self-Poisoning: a Feasible Antibacterial Strategy?

Development of novel antibacterial strategies is required to tackle the alarming threat for global health due to antimicrobial resistance. In this issue of the , Boulanger et al. provide evidence supporting that the blocking of metabolic pathways to induce accumulation of toxic intermediates can be a possible approach to combat bacterial infections (E.

Two Additional Connections between the Transcriptional Programs Controlling Invasion and Intracellular Replication of Salmonella: HilD-SprB Positively Regulates and .

Salmonella virulence relies on the ability of this bacterium to invade the intestinal epithelium and to replicate inside macrophages, which are functions mainly encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2), respectively. Complex regulatory programs control the expression of SPI-1 and SPI-2 and functionally related genes, involving the integration of ancestral regulators and regulators that Salmonella has acquired during its evolution. Interestingly, some previous studies have revealed cross talk between the regulatory programs for SPI-1 and SPI-2.

The Two-Component System CpxRA Represses Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 by Directly Acting on the Regulatory Operon.

The acquisition of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) conferred on Salmonella the ability to survive and replicate within host cells. The bicistronic operon, located in SPI-2, encodes the SsrAB two-component system (TCS), which is the central positive regulator that induces the expression of SPI-2 genes as well as other genes located outside this island. On the other hand, CpxRA is a two-component system that regulates expression of virulence genes in many bacteria in response to different stimuli that perturb the cell envelope.

New-Onset Primary Adrenal Insufficiency and Autoimmune Hypothyroidism in a Pediatric Patient Presenting with MIS-C.

Introduction: There is emerging speculation that the inflammatory state associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger autoimmune conditions, but no causal link is established. There are reports of autoimmune thyroiditis and adrenal insufficiency in adults post-COVID-19. We describe the first pediatric report of adrenal insufficiency and autoimmune hypothyroidism after COVID-19.

Regulatory Evolution of the Ancestral Gene in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.

One important event for the divergence of Salmonella from Escherichia coli was the acquisition by horizontal transfer of the almonella athogenicity sland 1 (SPI-1), containing genes required for the invasion of host cells by Salmonella. HilD is an AraC-like transcriptional regulator in SPI-1 that induces the expression of the SPI-1 and many other acquired virulence genes located in other genomic regions of Salmonella. Additionally, HilD has been shown to positively control the expression of some ancestral genes (also present in E.

Long-chain fatty acids alter transcription of virulence and regulatory genes.

Infection with is one of the most important risk factors for developing gastric cancer (GC). The type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded in the pathogenicity island is the main virulence factor of associated with GC. Additionally, other virulence factors have been shown to play a role in the virulence, such as vacuolizing cytotoxin (VacA), urease, flagella, and adhesins.

"A Daily Born and Dying": Dynamics of Affective-Semiotic Self-Regulation Involved in Early Intervention Practices with Children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome.

From 2015 to 2016, an epidemic of births of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome emerged in Brazil, and the state of Bahia concentrated the highest incidence of cases. The official health guidelines recommended that the affected children and their families should be supported by interdisciplinary teams of early intervention. This paper aims to deepen the comprehension of regulation and affective-semiotic mediation processes involved in the early intervention with children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome and their families.

An incoherent feedforward loop formed by SirA/BarA, HilE and HilD is involved in controlling the growth cost of virulence factor expression by Salmonella Typhimurium.

An intricate regulatory network controls the expression of Salmonella virulence genes. The transcriptional regulator HilD plays a central role in this network by controlling the expression of tens of genes mainly required for intestinal colonization. Accordingly, the expression/activity of HilD is highly regulated by multiple factors, such as the SirA/BarA two-component system and the Hcp-like protein HilE.

Cross-kingdom metabolic manipulation promotes Salmonella replication inside macrophages.

Replication inside macrophages is crucial for systemic dissemination of in hosts. In a article, Jiang et al. show that stimulates glycolysis and represses serine synthesis in macrophages, leading to accumulation of host glycolytic intermediates that the bacteria use as carbon source and as cues for its replication.

(p)ppGpp-Dependent Regulation of the Nucleotide Hydrolase PpnN Confers Complement Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium.

The stringent response is an essential mechanism of metabolic reprogramming during environmental stress that is mediated by the nucleotide alarmones guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate [(p)ppGpp]. In addition to physiological adaptations, (p)ppGpp also regulates virulence programs in pathogenic bacteria, including serovar Typhimurium. Typhimurium is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis, but it may also spread to systemic tissues, resulting in severe clinical outcomes.

The Salmonella Typhimurium InvF-SicA complex is necessary for the transcription of sopB in the absence of the repressor H-NS.

Expression of virulence factors in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica depends on a wide variety of general and specific transcriptional factors that act in response to multiple environmental signals. Expression of genes for cellular invasion located in the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) is tightly regulated by several transcriptional regulators arrayed in a cascade, while repression of this system is exerted mainly by H-NS. In SPI-1, H-NS represses the expression mainly by binding to the regulatory region of hilA and derepression is exercised mainly by HilD.

Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Determinants Associated With Antibiotic Resistance in the Zoonotic Pathogen spp. Distributed Globally.

The genus groups 32 Gram-negative bacteria species, several being zoonotic pathogens and a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Antibiotic resistant is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for research and development of new antibiotics. Genetic elements related to antibiotic resistance in the classical and species, which infect humans and livestock, have been analyzed in numerous studies, mainly focused on local geographical areas.

The mode of action of the PSIR-3 photosensitizer in the photodynamic inactivation of Klebsiella pneumoniae is by the production of type II ROS which activate RpoE-regulated extracytoplasmic factors.

Background: Due to increased bacterial multi-drug resistance (MDR), there is an antibiotic depletion to treat infectious diseases. Consequently, other promising options have emerged, such as the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation therapy (aPDI) based on photosensitizer (PS) compounds to produce light-activated local oxidative stress (photooxidative stress). However, there are scarce studies regarding the mode of action of PS compounds to induce photooxidative stress on pathogenic γ-proteobacteria such as MDR-Klebsiella pneumoniae.