Program and Institutional Coordinator Well-Being: Results From a National Survey.

Purpose: This study explores the mental health and well-being, overall job satisfaction, likelihood to leave position, and perceptions of job satisfiers and stressors and dissatisfiers in a national sample of program and institutional coordinators in graduate medical education (GME).

Method: Between August and September 2022, 11,887 program and institutional coordinators and managers with email addresses listed in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education database were emailed a survey link. The survey queried mental health using the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 depression scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, and a 2-item burnout scale derived from the Maslach Burnout Inventory; overall satisfaction with work; likelihood to leave work; and drivers of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Protocol for a feasibility and acceptability study for UK general population paediatric type 1 diabetes screening-the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study.

Aim: The EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune (ELSA) study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of UK paediatric general population screening for type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We aim to screen 20,000 children aged 3-13 years for islet-specific autoantibodies through dried blood spot sample collection at home, hospital or community settings. Children with two or more autoantibodies are offered metabolic staging via oral glucose challenge testing.

Preparing for Virtual Interviews: A Pilot Study to Understand the Needs of Interviewees.

Virtual interviews play a crucial role in the ranking process. National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data shows a median number of 23.5 interviews per applicant.

Predictive role of cardiopulmonary bypass exposure indexed to body surface area on postoperative organ dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Long cardiopulmonary bypass times are associated with adverse postoperative outcomes and increased healthcare resource use. It is likely that this effect is pronounced in smaller patients. Previous studies have been criticized for not taking into consideration that prolonged bypass times are often due to higher complexity.

Polygenic Indices (a.k.a. Polygenic Scores) in Social Science: A Guide for Interpretation and Evaluation.

Polygenic indices (PGI)-the new recommended label for polygenic scores (PGS) in social science-are genetic summary scales often used to represent an individual's liability for a disease, trait, or behavior based on the additive effects of measured genetic variants. Enthusiasm for linking genetic data with social outcomes and the inclusion of premade PGIs in social science datasets have facilitated increased uptake of PGIs in social science research-a trend that will likely continue. Yet, most social scientists lack the expertise to interpret and evaluate PGIs in social science research.

Preoperative opioid use is associated with worse two-year patient-reported outcomes after hand surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Opioid overprescribing has caused a substantial increase in opioid related deaths and billions of dollars in additional healthcare costs. Orthopaedic surgeons commonly prescribe opioids in the perioperative period; however, research has shown preoperative opioid use may be associated with worse postoperative outcomes. Despite this body of evidence, there are few studies investigating the association between preoperative opioid use and two-year outcomes after hand surgery.

Harnessing landrace diversity empowers wheat breeding.

Harnessing genetic diversity in major staple crops through the development of new breeding capabilities is essential to ensure food security. Here we examined the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the A. E.

Difference in immunosuppressant dose requirement when transitioning to isavuconazole from other azoles in thoracic transplant recipients.

The triazole antifungal isavuconazole (ISAVU) is used for prevention and treatment of fungal infections in solid organ transplant (SOT). SOT recipients commonly need to transition from one azole to another due to breakthrough infection, toxicity, or other reasons. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of ISAVU on immunosuppressant concentrations in thoracic transplant recipients when ISAVU was started de novo or transitioned from another azole.

Artificial light at night is a top predictor of bird migration stopover density.

As billions of nocturnal avian migrants traverse North America, twice a year they must contend with landscape changes driven by natural and anthropogenic forces, including the rapid growth of the artificial glow of the night sky. While airspaces facilitate migrant passage, terrestrial landscapes serve as essential areas to restore energy reserves and often act as refugia-making it critical to holistically identify stopover locations and understand drivers of use. Here, we leverage over 10 million remote sensing observations to develop seasonal contiguous United States layers of bird migrant stopover density.

Assessing the impact of different heparin dosing regimens for cardiopulmonary bypass on anticoagulation: the HepDOSE pilot study.

Purpose: It has been suggested that a larger heparin dose during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with reduced perioperative coagulopathy and thromboembolic complications. We investigated the effect of different heparin doses during routine elective cardiac surgery. Our primary outcomes include blood loss and transfusion and secondary outcomes investigate the effects on coagulation biomarkers.

Tracking the sources of Leptospira and nutrient flows in two urban watersheds of Puerto Rico.

This study investigated the relationship between nutrient levels, source of fecal contamination, and pathogenic Leptospira in Puerto Rico's northern coast and San Juan Bay Estuary (SJBE) aquatic ecosystems. Microbial source tracking (MST) was also used to investigate the connections between sources of feces contamination and the presence of Leptospira. Eighty-seven water samples were collected during the June (n=44) and August (n=43) in 2020.

Polygenic scores for social science: Clarification, consensus, and controversy.

In this response, I focus on clarifying my arguments, highlighting consensus, and addressing competing views about the utility of polygenic scores (PGSs) for social science. I also discuss an assortment of expansions to my arguments and suggest alternative approaches. I conclude by reiterating the need for caution and appropriate scientific skepticism.

All that glisters is not gold: Genetics and social science.

In their target article, Madole & Harden offer an account of "what it means for genes to be causes" of social outcomes to bolster their claim that genetics should be incorporated into social science with practical implications. Here I object to several key features of their arguments, their representation of the state of science, and claims about the utility of genetics for social science and society.

Phenomic and genomic prediction of yield on multiple locations in winter wheat.

Genomic selection has recently become an established part of breeding strategies in cereals. However, a limitation of linear genomic prediction models for complex traits such as yield is that these are unable to accommodate Genotype by Environment effects, which are commonly observed over trials on multiple locations. In this study, we investigated how this environmental variation can be captured by the collection of a large number of phenomic markers using high-throughput field phenotyping and whether it can increase GS prediction accuracy.

Irreducibly Social: Why Biocriminology's Ontoepistemology is Incompatible with the Social Reality of Crime.

Professing interactionist bio + social terminology, contemporary biocriminology asserts a break from its biologically essentialist past. Assurances notwithstanding, whether biocriminology has undergone a decisive paradigm shift rejecting notions of biological criminals and bad brains remains uncertain. Unfortunately, discussions of biocriminology's assumptions are mired in politics, obscuring important scientific issues.

The effects of light pollution on migratory animal behavior.

Light pollution is a global threat to biodiversity, especially migratory organisms, some of which traverse hemispheric scales. Research on light pollution has grown significantly over the past decades, but our review of migratory organisms demonstrates gaps in our understanding, particularly beyond migratory birds. Research across spatial scales reveals the multifaceted effects of artificial light on migratory species, ranging from local and regional to macroscale impacts.

Pestilence, Plague and Pandemics: A Troubled History.

Humankind has lived with the danger of endemic, epidemic and pandemic disease for thousands of years. The effects of these outbreaks have often devastated human populations. Sixteen pandemic events causing an estimated 147 million deaths have occurred since the eighth century, The Black Death and the influenza pandemic of 1918-1920 probably having the greatest impact.

The Feasibility and Effectiveness of an Online Curriculum for Virtual Onboarding/Orientation of Graduate Medical Education Learners During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Graduate medical education (GME) orientation/onboarding is conventionally an in-person activity, but the COVID-19 pandemic prompted virtual approaches to learner onboarding. However, online GME onboarding strategies have not been disseminated in the literature.

Objective: To determine the usefulness of an online curriculum for GME learner orientation at a large sponsoring institution using an electronic survey.

Cultural evolutionary theory is not enough: Ambiguous culture, neglect of structure, and the absence of theory in behavior genetics.

Uchiyama et al. propose a unified model linking cultural evolutionary theory to behavior genetics (BG) to enhance generalizability, enrich explanation, and predict how social factors shape heritability estimates. A consideration of culture evolution is beneficial but insufficient for purpose.

A Systematic Review of Inequalities in the Mental Health Experiences of Black African, Black Caribbean and Black-mixed UK Populations: Implications for Action.

Background: Measurable differences in the experience and treatment of mental health conditions have been found to exist between different racial categories of community groups. The objective of this research was to review the reported mental health of Black African-Caribbean communities in the UK, determinants of mental health, and interventions to enhance their experiences of mental health services.

Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was applied.

Challenging the utility of polygenic scores for social science: Environmental confounding, downward causation, and unknown biology.

The sociogenomics revolution is upon us, we are told. Whether revolutionary or not, sociogenomics is poised to flourish given the ease of incorporating polygenic scores (or PGSs) as "genetic propensities" for complex traits into social science research. Pointing to evidence of ubiquitous heritability and the accessibility of genetic data, scholars have argued that social scientists not only have an opportunity but a duty to add PGSs to social science research.