Does Ageist Language in Job Ads Predict Age Discrimination in Hiring?

We study the relationships between ageist stereotypes - as reflected in the language used in job ads - and age discrimination in hiring, exploiting the text of job ads and differences in callbacks to older and younger job applicants from a resume (correspondence study) field experiment (Neumark, Burn, and Button, 2019). Our analysis uses computational linguistics and machine learning methods to examine, in a field-experiment setting, ageist stereotypes that might underlie age discrimination in hiring. In so doing, we develop methods and a framework for analyzing textual data, highlighting the usefulness of various computer science techniques for empirical economics research.

Do State Laws Protecting Older Workers from Discrimination Reduce Age Discrimination in Hiring? Evidence from a Field Experiment.

We conduct a resume field experiment in all U.S. states to study how state laws protecting older workers from age discrimination affect age discrimination in hiring for retail sales jobs.

An Interactive Mobile Phone App (SMART 5-A-DAY) for Increasing Knowledge of and Adherence to Fruit and Vegetable Recommendations: Development and Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption is important for health, but many individuals fail to consume adequate amounts for health benefits. Although many individuals are aware of current fruit and vegetable consumption recommendations, research suggests that adherence to these is hampered by low knowledge of the details of these recommendations.

Objective: This paper reports the development and details of a pilot randomized controlled test of a novel interactive mobile phone app for addressing low knowledge of the UK 5-a-day fruit and vegetable recommendations.

Access to assisted human reproduction services by minority groups.

This paper looks at the claims of lesbian and single women to have access to Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) in New Zealand, discusses legislation, rulings and regulations, as well as the opinions of people who have been involved in this issue. These include clinics and health professionals who provide these services, ethics committees and other bodies, and public opinion. Some implications for policy development are also discussed.

Mammary duct ectasia and pituitary adenomas.

Mammary duct ectasia developed in three postmenopausal patients who had had pituitary chromophobe adenomas. The first patient had bilateral duct ectasia that developed 8 and 11 years after hypophysectomy. The second patient, who also had bilateral ectasia, had a prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma for which bromocriptine was prescribed.

Surgical procedures in the treatment of breast cancer.

Only early breast cancer can be cured. The aim of treatment of early breast cancer should be to provide the patient with the best possible chance of being cured. This should be the surgeon's paramount objective.

Alveolar variant of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. A tumor rich in estrogen receptors.

During a study of the correlation between the histologic types of breast carcinoma and their hormone receptor contents, eight cases of the alveolar variant of invasive lobular carcinoma were identified, and all had estrogen receptor protein concentrations higher than 400 fmol/mg cytosol protein. Four more cases of the same variant were later prospectively diagnosed and their high estrogen receptor concentrations correctly predicted. All 12 tumors occurred in postmenopausal women.

Alveolar variant of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: an electron microscopic study.

Four cases of alveolar variant of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast were examined by electron microscopy, and their appearance compared with those of in situ and classical invasive lobular carcinoma. The individual tumor cells in the alveolar variant were basically similar to those described in the other two lobular tumors. The neoplastic alveoli consisted mostly of light cells, although a few dark cells were sometimes seen at the periphery.

The surgeon and chemotherapy: twenty five years personal experience.

The realm of cancer chemotherapy is complex and often conflicting. The massive use of cytotoxic agents during the past 25 years has now reached a point where major decisions have to be made. The respective roles of regional techniques, systemic therapy for metastatic disease and adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy, all need the most careful re-appraisal.

The present role of adrenalectomy in breast cancer.

Evidence does not support the argument that surgical adrenalectomy carries too great a risk to justify its use in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The increasing availability of methods of measuring tumour receptors will undoubtedly increase the level of accuracy in predicting response to surgical adrenalectomy. The operation itself is well within the scope of most experienced general surgeons.

Repeated screening for breast cancer.

In a screening service for breast cancer the results of routine repeat tests of women will contribute more than the results of their initial tests. A comparison of first and subsequent screens in a group of high risk women suggests that the sensitivity of screening declines between first and subsequent visits, whereas its specificity improves. Despite improved specificity, the ratio of benign biopsies to cancer was worse at repeated screening (21 to 1) than at first screening (6 to 1).

The role of mammography in the evaluation of advanced breast cancer treated by initial endocrine therapy.

Fifty-five patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with initial endocrine therapy have been followed up for periods of between 6 and 64 months (median 17 months) with regular clinical and radiological examination. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of mammography in initial assessment, and subsequent follow-up. Fifty patients were available for evaluation and were classified by clinical, and by mammographic data independently.

An androgen-associated hepatic adenoma in a trans-sexual.

A case is reported of an hepatic adenoma developing in a patient who had been taking testosterone for 3 years. There appears to be an association between various steroid preparations and hepatic neoplasia. Reports of such cases with all relevant data will allow a balanced assessment of the problem to be made.