Therapeutic microbiome modulation: new frontiers in HIV treatment.

Purpose Of Review: Dysbiosis may be a key driver of systemic inflammation, which increases the risk of non-AIDS events in people living with HIV (PLWH). Modulation of the microbiome to reverse this dysbiosis may be a novel approach to decrease inflammation and therefore morbidity and mortality in PLWH.

Recent Findings: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and dietary modifications have the potential to modulate the microbiome.

Benefit and cost of repeating a severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test after the second day of hospitalization in five hospitals during various community prevalences and vaccination rates.

At our hospital, universal severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed upon admission and again after 2 inpatient days. As community-wide prevalence, admission, and vaccination rates varied, the number needed to benefit fluctuated between 16 and 769 and the cost per additional detection fluctuated between $800 and $29,400. These 2 metrics were negatively associated with new hospital admissions.

THE VALUE OF A REGIONAL 'LIVING' COVID-19 REGISTRY AND THE CHALLENGES OF KEEPING IT ALIVE.

Background: The availability of accurate, reliable, and timely clinical data is crucial for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers so that they can respond effectively to emerging public health threats. This was typified by the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the critical knowledge and data gaps associated with novel Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19).We sought to create an adaptive, living data mart containing detailed clinical, epidemiologic, and outcome data from COVID-19 patients in our healthcare system.

Overview of brachytherapy resources in Latin America: a patterns-of-care survey.

Purpose: Relatively little is known about available resources and patterns of practice for brachytherapy (BT) in Latin America. To rectify this situation, we performed a patterns-of-care survey whose aim was to assess the human and material resources available for BT in Latin America and document current clinical practices.

Methods And Materials: A total of 392 radiotherapy (RT) centers located in 17 Latin American countries were asked to complete an online survey that included detailed questions about BT practices, facilities, and staffing.

Human papillomavirus infection in Honduran women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in women with cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer (CC) in Honduras and to identify epidemiological cofactors that contribute to the development of CC.

Methods: Among the 289 patients analyzed, 139 had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 60 had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 90 had CC.

Results: The HPV DNA was detected in 113 women (81%) with LSIL, in 58 women (97%) with HSIL, and in 84 women (93%) with CC.

Burning wood in the kitchen increases the risk of cervical neoplasia in HPV-infected women in Honduras.

There is suggestive evidence that the use of wood for cooking increases the risk of invasive cervical cancer. We investigated this association in women with cervical neoplasia in Honduras. Women aged 20-64 years with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade I (n = 44), CIN II (n = 36) or CIN III (n = 45) were recruited from screening programs in Tegucigalpa City and each was matched by age and clinic to 2 controls (241 total) without cervical abnormalities.

Co-factors related to the causal relationship between human papillomavirus and invasive cervical cancer in Honduras.

Background: A case-control study was conducted in Honduras to identify co-factors in the carcinogenic pathway by which human papillomavirus (HPV) causes invasive cervical cancer.

Methods: Ninety-nine cases aged 23-65 (median 47) years participated. Two controls were matched to each case by age and clinic where they first presented for cytological screening; controls had no cervical abnormalities.

Human papillomavirus infection, cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer in Honduras: a case-control study.

A substantial body of evidence has confirmed human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as the central etiological agent in human cervical carcinogenesis. In Honduras, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women, with a high annual incidence. We conducted a population-based, case-control study of 229 patients with different grades of CIN and invasive cervical cancer and 438 matched controls.