Emergent dynamic chirality in a thermally driven artificial spin ratchet.

Modern nanofabrication techniques have opened the possibility to create novel functional materials, whose properties transcend those of their constituent elements. In particular, tuning the magnetostatic interactions in geometrically frustrated arrangements of nanoelements called artificial spin ice can lead to specific collective behaviour, including emergent magnetic monopoles, charge screening and transport, as well as magnonic response. Here, we demonstrate a spin-ice-based active material in which energy is converted into unidirectional dynamics.

[Synthesis of several benzyloxphenyl derivatives with local anesthetic activity (author's transl)].

Several 2- and 4-benzyloxy- and 4-(2'- and 4'-substituted) benzyloxy-beta-substituted amino-propiophenones, some of the corresponding alcohols, some 4-benzyloxy-alpha-substituted amino-acetophenones were synthetised and tested for their pharmacological activity.

[Synthesis of several phenoxymethylphenyl derivatives with local-anesthetic activity (author's transl)].

1. Several 4-phenoxymethyl-procaine derivatives (IV) were synthetised in order to investigate the influence of the intermediate chain on the activity. 2.

[Investigation of some basic propyl(alkyl)-phenyl ketones with local-anesthetic activity (author's transl)].

We synthetised several ketone analogues of procain (II) with different lipophilic substituents (XVI). In order to investigate structure-activity relationship, the Rm values (measure for the partition coefficient), the -CO- wave frequency (expression of electron density) and the local anesthetic activity (rabbit cornea) were determined. The studied lipophilic substituents do not influence the inductive or mesomeric effect on the carbonyl oxygen and so do not increase its electron density.

[Relations between the physico-chemical properties, the chemical reactivity and the local-anesthetic activity/part 33: studies on the interactions of local-anesthetically active cinchocaine homologues with phospholipids (author's transl)].

The general part consists of a review on nerve stimulus mechanism as well as the nerve structure and the function of nerve membrane as the site of action of local anesthetics. Furthermore a possibility of interaction between local anesthetics and the membrane components especially phospholipids is discussed. These phospholipids show interesting properties with respect to ions as well as local-anesthetics, which allow us to suppose that they are important participants in nervous stimulus transmission.

[Relations between the physico-chemical properties, the chemical reactivity and the local anesthetic activity. 32. (Part 1): Binding capacity of a structural protein (wool) to local anesthetics].

1. The general part deals with the molecular structure of nerve membranes and different local-anesthetic substances as well as the various possibilities of local-anesthetic binding to the nerve membrane. Albumin is usually chosen as a model protein in such investigations, a short extract of which is given.

[Relations between chemical structure, physico-chemical properties, chemical reactivity and effect of various positionally isomeric local anesthetics 31.2].

1. In the introduction, a short survey on the effect of different structural isomers on the activity of drugs is giben. The inductive, resonance and steric effect of the ring substitution are discussed and probable mechanism of local-anesthetic action is dealth with.