Changes in Service Use After Participation in an Intensive Outpatient Program Among Adults With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Introduction: Intensive outpatient programs (IOPs) have been shown to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in veteran populations. The aim of this study was to examine the association between IOP participation and inpatient psychiatric and mental health-related emergency department (ED) encounters among patients with PTSD.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study among 258 adults with PTSD who participated in the IOP at Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018.

Assessment of Erythrocyte Transketolase, Whole Blood Thiamine Diphosphate, and Human Milk Thiamine Concentrations to Identify Infants and Young Children Responding Favorably to Therapeutic Thiamine Administration: Findings from the Lao Thiamine Study, a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: There is limited information on relationships among biomarkers of thiamine status (whole blood thiamine diphosphate [ThDP], erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient [ETKac], and human milk thiamine [MTh]) and clinical manifestations of thiamine deficiency.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore correlations among these biomarkers and thiamine responsive disorders (TRDs), a diagnosis based on favorable clinical response to thiamine.

Methods: Hospitalized infants and young children (aged 21 d to <18 mo) with respiratory, cardiac, and/or neurological symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency were treated with parenteral thiamine (100 mg daily) for ≥3 d alongside other treatments and re-examined systematically.

A biobehavioral observational study to understand the multilevel determinants of cardiovascular health in Black women: the BLOOM Study protocol.

Background: The racial/ethnic and gender disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality in the United States are evident. Across nearly every metric, non-Hispanic Black women have poorer overall cardiovascular health. Emerging evidence shows a disproportionately high burden of increased CVD risk factors in Black women of childbearing age, which has a far-reaching impact on both maternal and child outcomes, resulting in premature onset of CVD and further widens the racial disparities in CVD.

Exploring single-cell RNA sequencing as a decision-making tool in the clinical management of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled the identification of novel gene signatures and cell heterogeneity in numerous tissues and diseases. Here we review the use of this technology for Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD). FECD is the most common indication for corneal endothelial transplantation worldwide.

Evolution and host-specific adaptation of .

The major human bacterial pathogen causes multidrug-resistant infections in people with underlying immunodeficiencies or structural lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). We show that a few environmental isolates, driven by horizontal gene acquisition, have become dominant epidemic clones that have sequentially emerged and spread through global transmission networks over the past 200 years. These clones demonstrate varying intrinsic propensities for infecting CF or non-CF individuals (linked to specific transcriptional changes enabling survival within macrophages); have undergone multiple rounds of convergent, host-specific adaptation; and have eventually lost their ability to transmit between different patient groups.

Interactive Media-Based Approach for an Exception From Informed Consent Trial Involving Patients With Trauma.

Importance: Exception From Informed Consent (EFIC) research requires community consultation (CC) and public disclosure (PD). Traditional methods of conducting CC and PD are slow, expensive, and labor intensive.

Objective: To describe the feasibility and reach of a novel interactive, media-based approach to CC and PD and to identify the similarities and differences between trial sites in website views, survey responses, online community forum attendance, and opt-out requests.

Oncogenic KRAS-Dependent Stromal Interleukin-33 Directs the Pancreatic Microenvironment to Promote Tumor Growth.

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory microenvironment. During carcinogenesis, normal stromal cells are converted to cytokine-high cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). The mechanisms underlying this conversion, including the regulation and function of fibroblast-derived cytokines, are poorly understood.

Retrospective Cohort Study of Additional Procedures and Transplant-Free Survival for Patients With Functionally Single Ventricle Disease Undergoing Staged Palliation in England and Wales.

Background: Reinterventions may influence the outcomes of children with functionally single-ventricle (f-SV) congenital heart disease.

Methods And Results: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of children starting treatment for f-SV between 2000 and 2018 in England, using the national procedure registry. Patients were categorized based on whether they survived free of transplant beyond 1 year of age.

Influence of Cooling duration on Efficacy in Cardiac Arrest Patients (ICECAP): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, adaptive allocation clinical trial to identify the optimal duration of induced hypothermia for neuroprotection in comatose, adult survivors of after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: Cardiac arrest is a common and devastating emergency of both the heart and brain. More than 380,000 patients suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest annually in the United States. Induced cooling of comatose patients markedly improved neurological and functional outcomes in pivotal randomized clinical trials, but the optimal duration of therapeutic hypothermia has not yet been established.

A realist evaluation of community champion and participatory action approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health teams tried several approaches to circulate accurate health information and engage with community members to understand what they need from public health services. Two such approaches were community champions and community participatory action research (CPAR). This study evaluates two champion programmes and a CPAR programme in terms of what worked, for whom, and in what contexts, including the funding and resourcing associated with implementation.

Arterial Switch for Transposition of the Great Arteries: Treatment Timing, Late Outcomes, and Risk Factors.

Background: Reports of long-term mortality and reintervention after transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum treatment, although favorable, are mostly limited to single-center studies. Even less is known about hospital resource utilization (days at hospital) and the impact of treatment choices and timing on outcomes.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe survival, reintervention and hospital resource utilization after arterial switch operation (ASO) in a national dataset.

The first finding of and (Nematoda) in feral fallow deer () in Australia.

Feral deer are widespread throughout Australia with the capacity to impact livestock production transmission of parasites. Samples of (fallow deer), (sambar deer), (red deer) and an unidentified deer were sourced from various locations in south-eastern Australia for examination for parasites. Adult nematodes were collected from the lungs of all deer species across four separate geographical locations.

Still Separate, Still Not Equal: An Ecological Examination of Redlining and Racial Segregation with COVID-19 Vaccination Administration in Washington D.C.

Racial residential segregation has been deemed a fundamental cause of health inequities. It is a result of historical and contemporary policies such as redlining that have created a geographic separation of races and corresponds with an inequitable distribution of health-promoting resources. Redlining and racial residential segregation may have contributed to racial inequities in COVID-19 vaccine administration in the early stages of public accessibility.

Evaluating parental personal utility of pediatric genetic and genomic testing in a diverse, multilingual population.

There is increasing evidence of the clinical utility of genetic and genomic testing (GT); however, factors influencing personal utility of GT, especially in diverse, multilingual populations, remain unclear. We explored these factors in a diverse cohort of parents/guardians (participants) whose children received clinical GT through the NYCKidSeq program. A total of 847 participants completed surveys at baseline, post-results disclosure, and 6 months (6m) post-results.

Impact of subtype C-specific amino acid variants on HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction: insights from molecular modelling and dynamics.

Background: HIV-1 produces Tat, a crucial protein for transcription, viral replication, and CNS neurotoxicity. Tat interacts with TAR, enhancing HIV reverse transcription. Subtype C Tat variants (C31S, R57S, Q63E) are associated with reduced transactivation and neurovirulence compared to subtype B.

Use and Outcomes of Dexamethasone in the Management of Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction.

Objective: To describe rates of dexamethasone use in the nonoperative management of malignant small bowel obstruction (mSBO) and their outcomes.

Background: mSBO is common in patients with advanced abdominal-pelvic cancers. Management includes prioritizing quality of life and avoiding surgical intervention when possible.

First findings of Sarcocystis species in game deer and feral pigs in Australia.

Several wild game meat species, including deer and feral pigs are hunted and consumed in Australia. Feral pigs and deer are not indigenous to Australia, but they have proliferated extensively and established their presence in every state and territory. Following the report of a sambar deer displaying Sarcocystis like white cysts in its rump muscles, the present study was conducted to explore the prevalence of Sarcocystis infections in wild deer and feral pigs in the southeastern regions of Australia.

Mandatory large-scale food fortification programmes can reduce the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally.

Large-scale food fortification (LSFF) can increase dietary micronutrient intake and improve micronutrient status. Here we used food balance sheet data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to estimate current country-specific prevalences of inadequate zinc intake. We assessed the potential effects of improving existing LSFF programmes for cereal grains or implementing new programmes in 40 countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem.

Cardiac Disease Related to Primary Hyperthyroidism in a 20-Year-Old Mule.

Primary hyperthyroidism is a rarely diagnosed endocrinopathy in equids and there have been no previous reports of structural and functional cardiac changes associated with hyperthyroidism in these species. This case report investigates a 20-year-old mule gelding that presented for a three-month history of thin body condition despite polyphagia, with a heart murmur and elevated free and total thyroid hormone concentrations. On presentation, physical exam revealed a body condition score of two out of nine, persistent tachycardia, pansystolic heart murmur and firm bilateral ventral proximal cervical masses.

Equations to estimate human milk intake in infants aged 7 to 10 months: prediction models from a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obtaining valid estimates of nutrient intake in infants is currently limited by the difficulties of accurately measuring human milk intake. Current methods are either unsuitable for large-scale studies (i.e.

Prolonged administration of oral phenylbutazone and firocoxib in horses has no impact on selected cytokine and growth factor concentrations in platelet-rich plasma and autologous protein solution.

Objective: To determine the effects of prolonged administration of the oral NSAIDs phenylbutazone and firocoxib on concentrations of cytokines and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous protein solution (APS).

Animals: 6 adult University owned horses.

Methods: Horses were randomized to receive phenylbutazone (1 g, orally, q 12 h) or firocoxib (57 mg, orally, q 24 h) for 6 days.

Factors associated with transition to a nursing home in older adults living in naturally occurring retirement communities.

Background: Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs) are geographic areas (generally high-rise buildings or neighborhoods) that have a high concentration of individuals 65 years and older. Supportive service programs in NORCs can address resident needs and delay nursing home (NH) admission but understanding what factors are associated with NORC residents requiring NH admission is needed to tailor such programs. Our aim was to examine individual- and neighborhood-level factors associated with NH wait-list status in NORC residents in Ontario.