The interaction of structured data using openEHR and large Language models for clinical decision support in prostate cancer.

Background: Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are essential for cancer care but are resource-intensive. Decision-making processes within MDTs, while critical, contribute to increased healthcare costs due to the need for specialist time and coordination. The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs) offers the potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of clinical decision-making processes, potentially reducing costs associated with traditional MDT models.

Utility of F-fluoroestradiol over F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the initial diagnosis of over 90 metastatic lesions in a patient with metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Approximately 6% of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer will present with metastatic disease. Proper staging workup and diagnosis of metastatic lesions is crucial prior to surgical treatment.F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is often included in the staging workup of locally advanced breast cancer.

Myriad Mapping of nanoscale minerals reveals calcium carbonate hemihydrate in forming nacre and coral biominerals.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO) is abundant on Earth, is a major component of marine biominerals and thus of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and it plays a major role in the global carbon cycle by storing atmospheric CO into solid biominerals. Six crystalline polymorphs of CaCO are known-3 anhydrous: calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and 3 hydrated: ikaite (CaCO·6HO), monohydrocalcite (CaCO·1HO, MHC), and calcium carbonate hemihydrate (CaCO·½HO, CCHH). CCHH was recently discovered and characterized, but exclusively as a synthetic material, not as a naturally occurring mineral.

Faster Crystallization during Coral Skeleton Formation Correlates with Resilience to Ocean Acidification.

The mature skeletons of hard corals, termed stony or scleractinian corals, are made of aragonite (CaCO). During their formation, particles attaching to the skeleton's growing surface are calcium carbonate, transiently amorphous. Here we show that amorphous particles are observed frequently and reproducibly just outside the skeleton, where a calicoblastic cell layer envelops and deposits the forming skeleton.

Diagnostic accuracy and clinical implications of robotic assisted MRI-US fusion guided target saturation biopsy of the prostate.

MRI-targeted prostate biopsy improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). However, up to 70% of PCa lesions display intralesional tumor heterogeneity. Current target sampling strategies do not yet adequately account for this finding.

Toward a Platform for Structured Data Acquisition in Oncology: A Pilot Study on Prostate Cancer Screening.

Introduction: Physicians spend an ever-rising amount of time to collect relevant information from highly variable medical reports and integrate them into the patient's health condition.

Objectives: We compared synoptic reporting based on data elements to narrative reporting in order to evaluate its capabilities to collect and integrate clinical information.

Methods: We developed a novel system to align medical reporting to data integration requirements and tested it in prostate cancer screening.

Effect of fluid resuscitation on cerebral integrity: A prospective randomised porcine study of haemorrhagic shock.

Background: The treatment of haemorrhagic shock is a challenging task. Colloids have been regarded as standard treatment, but their safety and benefit have been the subject of controversial debates. Negative effects, including renal failure and increased mortality, have resulted in restrictions on their administration.

Breast cancer risk assessment in patients who test negative for a hereditary cancer syndrome.

Background: The majority of women who undergo genetic testing due to a significant family history of breast cancer will receive a negative result. The purpose of this study was to calculate the lifetime risk of breast cancer in women undergoing genetic counseling who received an uninformative genetic test result.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of mutation-negative women presenting to a cancer risk assessment clinic was performed.

Basis of catalytic assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex.

In mitosis, for each daughter cell to inherit an accurate copy of the genome from the mother cell, sister chromatids in the mother cell must attach to microtubules emanating from opposite poles of the mitotic spindle, a process known as bi-orientation. A surveillance mechanism, termed the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), monitors the microtubule attachment process and can temporarily halt the separation of sister chromatids and the completion of mitosis until bi-orientation is complete. SAC failure results in abnormal chromosome numbers, termed aneuploidy, in the daughter cells, a hallmark of many tumours.

How to Study Basement Membrane Stiffness as a Biophysical Trigger in Prostate Cancer and Other Age-related Pathologies or Metabolic Diseases.

Here we describe a protocol that can be used to study the biophysical microenvironment related to increased thickness and stiffness of the basement membrane (BM) during age-related pathologies and metabolic disorders (e.g. cancer, diabetes, microvascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy).

Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in the Regulation of the Mitotic Checkpoint Kinase Bub1.

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors microtubule attachment to kinetochores to ensure accurate sister chromatid segregation during mitosis. The SAC members Bub1 and BubR1 are paralogs that underwent significant functional specializations during evolution. We report an in-depth characterization of the kinase domains of Bub1 and BubR1.

AGE-modified basement membrane cooperates with Endo180 to promote epithelial cell invasiveness and decrease prostate cancer survival.

Biomechanical strain imposed by age-related thickening of the basal lamina and augmented tissue stiffness in the prostate gland coincides with increased cancer risk. Here we hypothesized that the structural alterations in the basal lamina associated with age can induce mechanotransduction pathways in prostate epithelial cells (PECs) to promote invasiveness and cancer progression. To demonstrate this, we developed a 3D model of PEC acini in which thickening and stiffening of basal lamina matrix was induced by advanced glycation end-product (AGE)-dependent non-enzymatic crosslinking of its major components, collagen IV and laminin.

IL-18 promoter polymorphisms correlate with the development of post-injury sepsis.

Background: Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the regulation of cell-mediated and innate immune responses to infection, trauma, and inflammation. Elevated levels of IL-18 have been noted to correlate with organ dysfunction after injury. This study evaluates the relationship between IL-18 promoter polymorphisms and the development of sepsis after injury.

[Theory-guided development and evaluation of a questionnaire concerning mental health].

In our study, the development of a Mental Health Questionnaire is described and this diagnostic instrument, which is based on historically important personality models, evaluated. Our purpose was to develop scales for Personal well-being, Regulatory competence, Self-actualization and Sense-finding ability. The items belonging to these theoretical constructs were analyzed both by a method of expert rating and statistically.