The health implications of neighborhood networks based on daily mobility in US cities.

A large body of research has been dedicated to understanding the neighborhood conditions that impact health, which outcomes are affected, and how these associations vary by demographic and socioeconomic neighborhood and individual characteristics. This literature has focused mostly on the neighborhoods in which individuals reside, thus failing to recognize that residents across race/ethnicity and class spend a non-trivial amount of their time in neighborhoods far from their residential settings. To address this gap, we use mobile phone data from the company SafeGraph to compare racial inequality in neighborhood socioeconomic advantage exposure across three scales: the neighborhoods that residents live in, their adjacent neighborhoods, and the neighborhoods that they regularly visit.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Coumarins from the Aerial Parts of .

is a species of pharmacological interest for providing volatile and non-volatile extracts with antifungal and amebicidal properties. The biological activities of non-volatile extracts may be related to the presence of coumarins, a promising group of secondary metabolites. In the present study, leaves and inflorescences previously used for the extraction of essential oils instead of being disposed of were subjected to extraction with supercritical CO after pretreatment with microwaves.

Topical Nanoemulsions as Delivery Systems for Green Extracts of Aiming at the Treatment of Sporotrichosis.

Coumarins are benzopyrones found in several plant genera, including (Asteraceae). These compounds represent an important source of new treatments, especially as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. In this study, two coumarin-rich extracts from using green technologies were obtained through aqueous maceration (AE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE).

Environmental inequality in the neighborhood networks of urban mobility in US cities.

Research has made clear that neighborhoods impact the health and well-being of their residents. A related strand of research shows that neighborhood disadvantage is geographically clustered. Because the neighborhoods of low-income and minority populations tend to be more disadvantaged, neighborhood conditions help explain racial and socioeconomic inequalities.

The neighborhood ethnoracial and socioeconomic context of public elementary school closures in U.S. metropolitan areas.

Public school closures are increasing in number and size in U.S. cities.

Ride-Hailing and Road Traffic Crashes: A Critical Review.

Ride-hailing businesses, including Uber and Lyft, have reshaped road traffic since they first began operating in the United States approximately a decade ago. It follows that ride-hailing may also alter the incidence and distribution of road traffic crash injuries and deaths. The available evidence relating ride-hailing to crashes is critically reviewed in this article.

The multidimensional clustering of health and its ecological risk factors.

A diverse set of research has examined the ways in which population-level health and its ecological risk factors are embedded within self-reinforcing structures. Syndemic theory, for example, focuses on the co-occurrence of multiple diseases, whereas the spatial diffusion literature highlights the concentration of poor health among communities sharing geographic boundaries. This study combines these related but disciplinarily-isolated perspectives to examine the clustering of population-level health and its determinants across four dimensions: co-occurrence, spatial, temporal, and social network.

Optimization of Coumarins Extraction from Pterocaulon balansae by Box-Behnken Design and Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis Activity.

causes trichomoniasis, a nonviral sexually transmitted infection with a high prevalence worldwide. Oral metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of this disease, although high levels of resistance to this agent are well documented in the literature. This study describes the anti- activity of an optimized coumarin-rich extract from .

Dimensions of Thermal Inequity: Neighborhood Social Demographics and Urban Heat in the Southwestern U.S.

Exposure to heat is a growing public health concern as climate change accelerates worldwide. Different socioeconomic and racial groups often face unequal exposure to heat as well as increased heat-related sickness, mortality, and energy costs. We provide new insight into thermal inequities by analyzing 20 Southwestern U.

Porphyria cutanea tarda precipitated by ovarian stimulation during oocyte retrieval in a genetically susceptible female.

We report a case of 33-year-old female with underlying genetic susceptibility for familial porphyria cutanea tarda due to novel variant (c.636 + 2 dupT) unmasked by transient exposure to supraphysiological oestrogen concentrations following a single cycle of successful controlled ovarian stimulation for oocyte retrieval. Use of oral oestrogen in the form of oral contraceptive pills and hormone replacement therapy has been well known to trigger active porphyria cutanea tarda phenotype in susceptible women.

Risk factors associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Objective: To estimate the incidence and to evaluate risk factors for antineoplastic nausea and vomiting with high and moderate emetogenic chemotherapy in adult patients in the first treatment cycle.

Methods: Prospective cohort study with follow-up of 269 adults during the first cycle of antineoplastic chemotherapy. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was evaluated in the acute phase (0-24 hours), in the late phase (24 hours-5th day) and in the total phase (0-5th day).

Ridehailing and alcohol-involved traffic fatalities in the United States: The average and heterogeneous association of uber.

Ridehailing services such as Uber have been promoted as viable interventions for curbing alcohol-involved driving fatalities. However, evidence of ridehailing's impact has been mixed, with some studies finding no association but others finding either an increase or a decrease in fatalities. We contribute to this literature by examining more recent years of data, which capture a period during which Uber ridership has grown substantially and alcohol-involved fatalities have increased.

The implications of ridehailing for risky driving and road accident injuries and fatalities.

The nature of transportation has fundamentally transformed in recent years with the rise of ridehailing providers such as Uber. Yet, few studies have examined whether there is an association between ridehailing and rates of road accident injuries, and virtually all of the existing studies focus on the exceptional case of the United States. In this study, we exploit differences in the timing of the deployment of Uber across Britain to test the association between the advent of Uber's ridehailing services and rates of fatal and non-fatal road accidents.

Box Behnken design of siRNA-loaded liposomes for the treatment of a murine model of ocular keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba.

Acanthamoeba keratitis is an ophthalmic disease with no specific treatment that specially affects contact lens users. The silencing of serine phosphatase (SP) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) proteins produced by Acanthamoeba has been shown to significantly reduce the cytopathic effect, although no vehicle was proposed yet to deliver the siRNA sequences to the trophozoites. In this study, PEGylated cationic liposomes were proposed and optimized using Box-Behnken design.

Individual mental health, life course events and dynamic neighbourhood change during the transition to adulthood.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines the relationship between significant changes in neighbourhood poverty during the transition to adulthood and shifts in depressive symptoms. We found that associations between changes in neighbourhood poverty and mental health disappeared after controlling for contemporaneous life course events, specifically transitions associated with intimate relationship building and human capital formation. The exception is a decrease in depressive symptoms for females moving into lower poverty neighbourhoods across the entire transition to adulthood period.

siRNA-loaded liposomes: Inhibition of encystment of Acanthamoeba and toxicity on the eye surface.

Unlabelled: Current treatments for Acanthamoeba keratitis are unspecific. Because of the presence of the resilient cyst form of the parasite, the infection is persistent. Silencing the key protein of cyst formation, glycogen phosphorylase, has shown potential for reducing encystment processes of the Acanthamoeba trophozoite.

Best practice guidelines on first-line laboratory testing for porphyria.

The porphyrias are disorders of haem biosynthesis which present with acute neurovisceral attacks or disorders of sun-exposed skin. Acute attacks occur mainly in adults and comprise severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, autonomic disturbance, central nervous system involvement and peripheral motor neuropathy. Cutaneous porphyrias can be acute or chronic presenting at various ages.

Uber and Metropolitan Traffic Fatalities in the United States.

Uber and similar rideshare services are rapidly dispersing in cities across the United States and beyond. Given the convenience and low cost, Uber has been characterized as a potential countermeasure for reducing the estimated 121 million episodes of drunk driving and the 10,000 resulting traffic fatalities that occur annually in the United States. We exploited differences in the timing of the deployment of Uber in US metropolitan counties from 2005 to 2014 to test the association between the availability of Uber's rideshare services and total, drunk driving-related, and weekend- and holiday-specific traffic fatalities in the 100 most populated metropolitan areas in the United States using negative binomial and Poisson regression models.

Disentangling fathers' absences from household remittances in international migration: The case of educational attainment in Guatemala.

Estimating the effects of international migration on left-behind children's educational attainment is complicated by the potential offsetting effects of fathers' absences and household remittances. Most research has not separated these aspects of international migration on children's human capital outcomes. We address this deficiency by using instrumental variables to isolate the effects of fathers' international migration absences from international household remittances on student enrollment and grade progression in Guatemala.

Nanoemulsions Containing a Coumarin-Rich Extract from Pterocaulon balansae (Asteraceae) for the Treatment of Ocular Acanthamoeba Keratitis.

This study describes the incorporation of a coumarin-rich extract from Pterocaulon balansae into nanoemulsions intended for the local treatment of ocular keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba. The n-hexane dewaxed extract of P. balansae was characterized by HPLC/PDA and UPLC/MS.

Migration, Remittances and Nutrition Outcomes of Left-Behind Children: A National-Level Quantitative Assessment of Guatemala.

Historically, Guatemalans have suffered high rates of poverty and malnutrition while nearly ten percent of their population resides abroad. Many Guatemalan parents use economic migration, mainly international migration to the United States, as a means to improve the human capital prospects of their children. However, as this investigation shows, the timing of migration events in relation to left-behind children's ages has important, often negative and likely permanent, repercussions on the physical development of their children.

Large-Scale Urban Riots and Residential Segregation: A Case Study of the 1960s U.S. Riots.

Despite a well-established literature investigating race-related predictors of riot incidence, the racial aftermath of riots remains unexamined. In this study, I use the 1960s U.S.

Acanthamoeba and Fusarium interactions: A possible problem in keratitis.

The incidence of Acanthamoeba and Fusarium species has increased in contact lens-related infectious keratitis. They share several environments and cases of co-infection have been reported. The interaction between the amoebae and other microorganisms may result in significant changes for both, like increased virulence in mammalian hosts.

A Multistate Life Table Approach to Understanding Return and Reentry Migration between Mexico and the United States During Later Life.

Background: Empirical research describes retirement migration to Mexico as a viable option for some older Americans. However, far less research examines this phenomenon among Mexican immigrants in the United States. The literature that does address this topic treats international migration as a singular occurrence and does not examine the possibility of return and subsequent reentry between countries.

An ambulatory bile reflux monitoring system: an in vitro appraisal.

Assessment of duodenogastric bile reflux has hitherto been unsatisfactory. An ambulatory system which utilizes the optical properties of bilirubin is examined. Test readings are correlated with the laboratory values for bilirubin in each of a number of physiological solutions.