A Cross-sectional Study Investigating the Oral Health Status of Adult and Elderly Swiss Community-Dwellers.

Purpose: To evaluate the oral health status of community-dwellers ≥ 45 years of age in the canton of Bern, Switzerland.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire (including sociodemographic factors, medical history, oral health behaviour) and a clinical examination comprising caries, periodontal disease, oral hygiene, and prosthetic rehabilitation. χ2/Fisher's tests and Cochrane Armitage trend tests as well as a binary logistic regression were performed to assess the association between oral disease presence (i.

Use of period- or fertility-tracking technologies pre- and post-Dobbs.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of period- or fertility-tracking technologies decreased from pre- to post-Dobbs and to identify user characteristics and changes in reasons for use.

Study Design: We used data from the Surveys of Women, population-based surveys on reproductive health among self-identified women aged 18 to 44 years, conducted in five states. We compared the prevalence of use of period- or fertility-tracking technologies and reasons for use pre-Dobbs (2018-2019 in Iowa and Ohio; 2019-2020 in Arizona, New Jersey, and Wisconsin) and post-Dobbs (2022-2023 in all five states), overall and stratified by state.

Improving generalizability of developmental research through increased use of homogeneous convenience samples: A Monte Carlo simulation.

Due to its heavy reliance on convenience samples (CSs), developmental science has a generalizability problem that clouds its broader applicability and frustrates replicability. The surest solution to this problem is to make better use, where feasible, of probability samples, which afford clear generalizability. Because CSs that are homogeneous on one or more sociodemographic factor may afford a clearer generalizability than heterogeneous CSs, the use of homogeneous CSs instead of heterogeneous CSs may also help mitigate this generalizability problem.

Development of Primal World Beliefs.

Primal world beliefs ("primals") capture individuals' basic understanding of what sort of world this is. How do children develop beliefs about the nature of the world? Is the world a good place? Safe or dangerous? Enticing or dull? Primals were initially introduced in social and personality psychology to understand beliefs about the world as a whole that may influence well-being and personality. This article introduces the concept of primals to developmental scientists and reviews preliminary research examining how primals relate to sociodemographic and well-being indicators.

Analysis of trends in the context of implant therapy in a university surgical specialty clinic: a 20-year retrospective study.

Objectives: To analyze the trends in the context of implant therapy in a 3-year patient population and compare it with data obtained over the last 20 years.

Materials And Methods: All adult subjects who received treatment in the context of implant therapy between 2020 and 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Data regarding patient demographics, indications and location of implant therapy, implant characteristics, surgical techniques, complications, and early implant failures were recorded and compared to data obtained in the years 2002-2004, 2008-2010, and 2014-2016.

Evaluation of Exomass-Related Artefacts Caused by Dental Implants of Different Materials in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans: An Ex Vivo Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of different dental implant materials within the exomass on the image quality in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material And Methods: Five pig jaws were scanned using four CBCT devices, first without any dental implants, followed by scans with three dental implants of the same material-pure titanium, titanium-zirconium alloy, and zirconium dioxide. Two fields of view (FOVs) were used for each device to position the implants in the exomass of a small FOV and within a large FOV.

Association Between Emotional Intimate Partner Violence Around the Time of Pregnancy and Postpartum Contraceptive Use: Results from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 2016-2021.

This study assessed the relationships between emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) before, during, and after pregnancy and postpartum contraceptive use. We used 2016-2021 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from seven sites ( = 30,125). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess indicators of emotional IPV and provider counseling associated with postpartum contraceptive use.

Revised consensus guidelines for the use of cone-beam computed tomography/ digital volume tomography.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is established in dentistry for about 20 years. Technique evolved and indications clarified since then and since the Swiss consensus guidelines regarding CBCT were published in 2014 and 2015. Therefore, the Swiss association of dentomaxillofacial radiology decided to initiate the process of updating these guidelines by forming a consensus group divided into a core group responsible for the whole process and an approval group responsible for specific clinical matters.

Development and Evaluation of a Deep Learning Model to Reduce Exomass-Related Metal Artefacts in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of the Jaws.

Objectives: To develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model to reduce metal artefacts originating from the exomass in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the jaws.

Methods: Five porcine mandibles, each featuring six tubes filled with a radiopaque solution, were scanned using four CBCT units before and after the incremental insertion of up to three titanium, titanium-zirconium, and zirconia dental implants in the exomass of a small field of view. A conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model, using DL techniques, was employed to correct images from exomass-related metal artefacts across the CBCT units and implant scenarios.

Gray values and noise behavior of cone-beam computed tomography machines-an in vitro study.

Objectives: To systematically evaluate the mean gray values (MGV) and noise provided by bone and soft tissue equivalent materials and air imaged with varied acquisition parameters in nine cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines.

Methods: The DIN6868-161 phantom, composed of bone and soft tissue equivalent material and air gap, was scanned in nine CBCT machines. Tube current (mA) and tube voltage (kV), field of view (FOV) size, and rotation angle were varied over the possible range.

Parenting Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Conduct Problems in Seven Countries.

This study advances the understanding of risk and protective factors in trajectories of conduct problems in adolescence in seven countries that differ widely on a number of sociodemographic factors as well as norms related to adolescent behavior. Youth- and parent-report data from 988 adolescents in seven countries (Colombia, Italy, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the USA) who were followed longitudinally from ages 10 to 18 (yielding 6872 total data points) were subject to latent class growth analysis. A 4-class model provided the best fit to the data: Late Starters, Alcohol Experimenters, Mid-Adolescent Starters, and Pervasive Risk Takers.

Investigating Longitudinal Trajectories of COVID-19 Disruption: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations.

Relatively few studies have longitudinally investigated how COVID-19 has disrupted the lives and health of youth beyond the first year of the pandemic. This may be because longitudinal researchers face complex challenges in figuring out how to code time, account for changes in COVID-19 spread, and model longitudinal COVID-19-related trajectories across environmental contexts. This manuscript considers each of these three methodological issues by modeling trajectories of COVID-19 disruption in 1080 youth from 12 cultural groups in nine nations between March 2020-July 2022 using multilevel modeling.

Attachment security, environmental adversity, and fast life history behavioral profiles in human adolescents.

One species-general life history (LH) principle posits that challenging childhood environments are coupled with a fast or faster LH strategy and associated behaviors, while secure and stable childhood environments foster behaviors conducive to a slow or slower LH strategy. This coupling between environments and LH strategies is based on the assumption that individuals' internal traits and states are independent of their external surroundings. In reality, individuals respond to external environmental conditions in alignment with their intrinsic vitality, encompassing both physical and mental states.

Introduction to the Diagnostics in Periodontology and Implant Dentistry issue.

Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease and its related condition, peri-implant disease, are highly prevalent globally and require accurate and speedy diagnosis. The focus of this volume dedicated to diagnostics is to cover modern enhancements in accuracy, simplicity and speed. An international assortment of experts has been tasked with reviewing defined areas of current best practice as well innovation in the field of periodontitis and peri-implantitis diagnostics.

Examining How National Levels of Life Expectancy, Education, and Income Influence Early Childhood Development: The Mediating Role of the Child's Nurturing Context.

Objective: Forty-three percent of children younger than 5 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk of not meeting their developmental potential. This study investigated how 3 aspects of national development (national life expectancy, education, and income levels) are associated with early childhood development by influencing 5 domains of nurturing care (caregiving, the learning environment, safety and security, nutrition, and the health of the home environment).

Methods: In total, 159,959 families with children aged 36 to 59 months living in 51 LMICs provided data.

State Abortion Policy and Moral Distress Among Clinicians Providing Abortion After the Dobbs Decision.

Importance: Moral distress occurs when individuals feel powerless to do what they think is right, including when clinicians are prevented from providing health care they deem necessary. The loss of federal protections for abortion following the Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization Supreme Court decision may place clinicians providing abortion at risk of experiencing moral distress, as many could face new legal and civil penalties for providing care in line with professional standards and that they perceive as necessary.

Objective: To assess self-reported moral distress scores among abortion-providing clinicians following the Dobbs decision overall and by state-level abortion policy.

An Approach to Improve Specimen Processing for the Flexural Strength Testing of Zirconia.

Measuring the flexural strength of restorative materials such as zirconia is crucial for providing proper indications for clinical applications and predicting performance. Great variations in specimen preparation for flexural strength measurements exist among laboratories. The aim was to evaluate how the processing method, surface treatment, and test method of the specimens affect the flexural strength of zirconia.

Human cardiac metabolism.

The heart is the most metabolically active organ in the human body, and cardiac metabolism has been studied for decades. However, the bulk of studies have focused on animal models. The objective of this review is to summarize specifically what is known about cardiac metabolism in humans.

Cultural values, parenting, and child adjustment in the United States.

We examined whether cultural values, conformity and parenting behaviours were related to child adjustment in middle childhood in the United States. White, Black and Latino mothers (n = 273), fathers (n = 182) and their children (n = 272) reported on parental individualism and collectivism, conformity values, parental warmth, monitoring, family obligation expectations, and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed on variables of interest.

Radiographic assessment of the peri-implant site.

While peri-implant mucositis relies solely on clinical parameters, radiological assessment becomes indispensable for diagnosing peri-implantitis. Intraoral radiography, with its simplicity of application, low radiation exposure, and adequate representation of peri-implant structures, stands out as the standard of care for both immediate and follow-up assessments. Standardization by custom-made radiologic splints allows for excellent comparability with previous images and allows for the determination of even small changes in contour and density of the peri-implant bone.

Nonionizing diagnostic imaging modalities for visualizing health and pathology of periodontal and peri-implant tissues.

Radiographic examination has been an essential part of the diagnostic workflow in periodontology and implant dentistry. However, radiographic examination unavoidably involves ionizing radiation and its associated risks. Clinicians and researchers have invested considerable efforts in assessing the feasibility and capability of utilizing nonionizing imaging modalities to replace traditional radiographic imaging.