Pandemic payment patterns.

COVID-19 has temporarily changed the relative costs and benefits of different payment methods: cash has become more costly in terms of health risks, ease of use and likelihood of acceptance, whereas debit card usage has become less costly. As a result, consumers have shifted away from cash. Based on unique daily payment diary survey data collected between January 2018 and December 2021 amongst a representative panel of Dutch consumers, we study the shift in payment behaviour and payment preferences during two lockdown periods in the Netherlands in 2020 and 2021.

A statistical approach to the identification of diploid cellular automata based on incomplete observations.

In this paper, the identification problem of diploid cellular automata is considered, in which, based on a series of incomplete observations, the underlying cellular automaton rules and the states of missing cell states are to be uncovered. An algorithm for identifying the rule, based on a statistical parameter estimation method using a normal distribution approximation, is presented. In addition, an algorithm for filling the missing cell states is formulated.

Identification of Cellular Automata Based on Incomplete Observations With Bounded Time Gaps.

In this paper, the problem of identifying the cellular automata (CAs) is considered. We frame and solve this problem in the context of incomplete observations, i.e.

Implementation of the comprehensive care for joint replacement model: A post-acute physical therapy case report.

: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services has specifically targeted total joint replacements with a retrospective bundled payment program called the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model to improve collaboration between providers and decrease costs associated with the surgery and subsequent rehabilitation. The purpose of this report is to describe the physical therapy post-acute episode of care of a patient receiving services under the CJR model and illustrate the impact of facility policy changes on physical therapy service delivery, length of stay, cost of care, and patient outcomes in a post-acute environment. : The patient was a 78-year-old woman who underwent an elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Research Partnerships with Healthcare Providers in Rural Community Health Centers: Needs and Challenges in Diabetes Research.

Kentucky has among the highest rates of diabetes and obesity in the United States. The Kentucky Diabetes and Obesity Collaborative (KDOC) was designed to develop a novel research infrastructure that can be used by researchers focusing on obesity and diabetes among patients cared for by Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) serving rural Kentucky. Focus groups were carried out to develop an understanding of the needs and interests of FQHC practitioners and staff regarding participation in KDOC.

Quantitative measurements by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy of toxic gas production during inhibition of JP-8 fires by CF(3)Br and C(3)F(7)H.

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is used to monitor gases generated during chemical inhibition of JP-8 fuel pool fires burning in air. Gas samples are taken from a location that approximates the position of an individual who is using a handheld extinguisher to subdue the fire. These gas samples are flowed through a 10-m path-length multipass optical cell placed in the sample beam of a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer.

Metabolism of 14 C-vinyl chloride in vitro and in vivo.

Rat liver microsomes metabolise 14 C-vinyl chloride to intermediates which irreversibly bind to the microsomal protein and to soluble proteins and RNA, when these compounds are added to the incubation. A superoxide (O2) generating system comprised of phenazine methosulfate and NADH also converts 14 C-vinyl chloride to metabolites which irreversibly bind to albumin. These data are consistent with the assumption of chloroethylene oxide being the primary reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride.