Unusual ribosome binding properties of mRNA encoding bacteriophage lambda repressor.

The mRNA encoding repressor cI of phage lambda is the only known E. coli message which starts directly with the initiation AUG codon. The ability of in vitro synthesized cI mRNA fragments (150 or 400 nts) to form ternary initiation complexes has been studied using the toeprint method.

[The assessment of the strength of the interaction between neurons of the cat motor cortex in a conditioned reflex to time].

The work was conducted on cats with recording multineuronal activity of the motor cortex at the elaboration of conditioned reflex to time. Strength of interaction was estimated between the adjacent and remote neurones in the limits of 0.5 m.

[Rehabilitation treatment of inveterate meta-epiphyseal deformities of the radius].

Unilateral separate anchor--wiring osteosynthesis of the forearm bones has essential advantages over the accepted methods for osteosynthesis of metaepiphyseal fractures of the radius. For adaptation to modern requirements an apparatus is suggested with external fixation of the radial diaphysis and the second metacarpal bone by means of bundles of short Kirschner wires with Y-shaped insertion of the pointed ends. The apparatus provides for longitudinal and transverse movement with fixation of the fragments at any level of the forearm and maintenance of rotational movements and movements at the interphalangeal joints.

[The current diagnostic procedure in chronic pathology of the veins of the lower extremities].

Stepwise (out- and inpatient) examination forms the basis of diagnostic examination tactics in chronic abnormalities of the veins. Noninvasive ultrasonic methods of studying the venous system are preferred. With the gradual formation of groups of patients with an affection of the veins, invasive isotope and angiographic methods are supplemented.

[Ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities].

Noninvasive diagnosis of chronic diseases of the lower limb venous system is an urgent problem of modern phlebology. Ultrasonic examination (USE) makes it possible to judge adequately the condition of the deep and surface veins and, consequently, to improve significantly the management of varicose and post-thrombophlebitic diseases. The authors elaborated an original method for the diagnosis and appraisal of the condition of the lower limb venous system by means of ultrasonic scanning and various functional tests for determining the character of affection of the venous valvular apparatus.

Spatial organization of template polynucleotides on the ribosome determined by fluorescence methods.

The spatial organization of template polynucleotides on the ribosome and the dynamics of their interaction with 30 S subunits have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The topography of the mRNA in the ribosome has been determined using singlet-singlet energy transfer. This method has allowed us to estimate distances between donors and acceptors of energy which have been linked to the terminal residues of template polynucleotides (poly- and oligo(U) and oligo(A] and 16 S RNA or to SH-groups of ribosomal proteins S1 and S8.

[A liposomal form of diamidine: reduced toxicity].

The cultures of Nuttalia eque mainly develop in the reticuloendothelial organs and so in treatment of nuttaliosis in horses and the Nuttalia carriers diamidine, an analog of imidocarb or imidozoline, was used encapsulated in liposomes. The liposomes were prepared with a modification of the phase inversion method (the lipids were dissolved in a mixture of freon-11 and chloroform). The content of the organic solvents in the preparation, as evidenced by gas liquid chromatography, was less than 0.

Chemical ligation of DNA: the first non-enzymatic assembly of a biologically active gene.

An artificial gene comprising 183 base pairs has been assembled by template-directed condensation of 35- to 53-membered oligodeoxyribo nucleotides with cyanogen bromide as a condensing agent. The reaction is complete within several minutes at 0 degrees C in buffer. The resulting mini-gene was cloned and expressed in vivo and in vitro.

How does the mRNA pass through the ribosome?

A working model of the mRNA path through the ribosome is proposed. According to the model, the template goes around the small ribosomal subunit along the region where its 'head' is separated from other parts of the subunit. The 5'-end of the mRNA fragment covered by the ribosome is located near the 3'-terminus of 16S rRNA, whereas the 3'-terminal residues of the fragment are situated on the outer surface of the subunit, opposite its 'side ledge'.

RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions in 30 S ribosomal subunits. Association of 16 S rRNA fragments in the presence of ribosomal proteins.

The E. coli 16 S rRNA with single-site breaks centered at position 777 or 785 was obtained by RNase H site-specific cleavage of rRNA. Spontaneous dissociation of the cleaved 16 S rRNA into fragments occurred under 'native' conditions.

30S ribosomal subunits with fragmented 16S RNA: a new approach for structure and function study of ribosomes.

A new approach for function and structure study of ribosomes based on oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed cleavage of rRNA with RNase H and subsequent reconstitution of ribosomal subunits from fragmented RNA has been developed. The E coli 16S rRNA was cleaved at 9 regions belonging to different RNA domains. The deletion of 2 large regions was also produced by cleaving 16S rRNA in the presence of 2 or 3 oligonucleotides complementary to different RNA sites.

[Methods of treatment of external fistula of gastrointestinal tract].

Experience in the treatment of external gastrointestinal fistulas in 1970-1988 consisted of 127 patients with 158 fistulas; 11 patients had a gastric fistula; 14, a duodenal fistula, 42, a fistula of the small intestine; 38, a fistula of the large intestine, and 22 patients had mixed fistulas. Operation for acute appendicitis was the main cause of fistula formation (20.3%).

Restoration of adhesive potentials of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by modification of plasma membrane.

A novel technique for modulating the spreading of ascites cells has been developed. Plasma membranes of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were modified in two different ways: 1) biotin residues were covalently coupled to membrane components; 2) biotinylated lipid was introduced into plasma membrane. Adhesion and spreading of modified cells on avidin-coated substrates were studied and compared to those of non-modified cells.

[Fusion of artificial lipid membranes induced by synthetic "fusion peptide" of arenaviruses].

The fusing capacity of lipid membranes of a synthetic 23-member peptide was studied. This hydrophobic peptide represents an analog of a predicted functional site ("fusion peptide") of the GP2 envelope protein of the Lassa virus (family Arenaviridae). Fusion of small monolayer liposomes was detected by the method of resonance energy transfer between the fluorescent derivatives of the lipid, NBD-PE (donor) and Rd-PE (acceptor).

[The central gray substance of the midbrain: the role of corticosteroids in the analgesic effect].

The effect of stimulation of periaqueductal gray matter on pain threshold and blood corticosteroids was studied in anesthetized rats. The stimulation with 30-50-microA current resulted in an increase of analgesia and blood corticosteroids. An increase of current intensity up to 100 microA resulted in a decreasing corticosteroid level and analgetic effect.

[Surgical anatomy of the posterior tibial veins].

An investigation of the posterior tibial vascular plexus has established certain specific features of its structure both in normality and in patients with postthrombotic disease. The alterations found require an individual approach to choice of surgical measures which is finally determined intraoperatively. At the present time surgical interventions on the posterior tibial veins in patients with postthrombotic disease are thought to be of three types: extended resection, extravasal correction and plasty of the posterior tibial veins.

[Dynamics of functional interconnections between cerebral motor cortex neurons of cats under stimulation].

In acute experiments on cats the activity of the motor cortex neurons was recorded. The dynamics of interneuronal connections at passive bending and electrostimulation of the limb contralateral to the place of recording was studied by methods of cross-correlation analysis of impulse trains. At passive bending a considerable decrease of the number of common inputs between neighbouring neurons (within 50-100 microns) and an increase in their number between remote (from 100 till 400 microns) cortical neurons.

Misoprostol and dalargin for the inpatient treatment of duodenal ulcer in the USSR.

In the USSR, uncomplicated duodenal ulcer is usually managed in an inpatient setting. A double-blind, randomized, double-dummy, multiclinic, comparative trial examined the safety and efficacy of oral misoprostol (200 micrograms qid) and intramuscular dalargin (1 mg bid) in duodenal ulcer healing. Dalargin, an enkephalin peptide with gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties, is commonly used in the USSR for treating peptic ulcer.

[Epidemiology and risk factors of ischemic stroke in the Middle Ob region].

Based on the methods of the Brain Stroke Register, a study was made of epidemiology and risk factors (RF) of ischemic brain stroke (IBS) in one of the cities of the Middle Ob region, numbering 220 thousand population. Based on 615 cases of IBS, a noticeable rise of the disease incidence was revealed in a group of subjects aged 40-49 years as was a high level of the morbidity and mortality among persons over 60 years. Studies into RF discovered a high portion of arterial hypertension (75.

[Comparative clinical characteristics of ischemic stroke with reversible and stable neurological deficit].

Fifty-four patients with minor and 54 with complete brain stroke were examined for the effect of the patients' age, nature of the underlying disease, its course, acuity of development, initial intensity, and successive dynamics of focal symptoms on the course of brain stroke. It has been discovered that the patients' sex or age, or the nature of the underlying disease do not produce any effect on the development of minor or complete brain stroke. The tendency towards decrease of the intensity of focal symptoms within the first 24 hours since the disease onset and early hospitalization of the patients was of paramount importance in cases with a complete regression of focal symptoms.

[A present-day approach to surgery for the formation of crossed femoro-femoral shunts in unilateral occlusions of the ilio-femoral venous segment (indications, principles of the surgical technique)].

As distinct from the classical Palme-D'Esperon operation in which the anastomosis is established with the common femoral vein, the authors prefer to form the anastomosis in the region of the saphenofemoral communication in inadequate drainage in the iliofemoral segment in patients with the postthrombotic disease. Seven variants of crossed femorofemoral shunting (CFFS) were carried out. The anastomoses were formed by means of precision techniques; an operating microscope was used when the anastomosis measured less than 5 mm in diameter.