Estrogen receptor and the development of estrogenic responses in embryonic chick liver.

We have examined the development of responsiveness to estrogen by embryonic chick liver with a view to determining common and unique factors involved in the establishment of different genomic responses to th e hormone. The major apoproteins of chick VLDL, apo VLDL-B and apo VLDL-II, both appear to be estrogen inducible at an earlier stage of of embryonic development than is vitellogenin. Apo VLDL-B, but not vitellogenin, exhibits a significant level of hepatic synthesis in the absence of estrogen treatment.

Biosynthesis of apolipoprotein B in rooster kidney, intestine, and liver.

After in vitro incubation with radiolabeled amino acids, extracts of various chicken tissues were screened for newly synthesized proteins reactive with antibody to plasma apolipoprotein B (apo B). An immunologically related protein was found in kidney as well as liver and intestine. This kidney protein showed the same mobility upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as plasma apo B or pulse-labeled apo B made by liver or intestine.

Enteroliths in horses--a retrospective study of 30 cases.

In a retrospective study of selected cases, abdominal colic in 30 horses was attributed to enterolith obstructions of the large intestine. Obstructions caused by "true" enteroliths were confined to horses more than four years old. Prominent clinical features were recurrent mild abdominal pain, inappetance, gaseous distension and minimal intestinal motility.

Colonic obstructions due to enteroliths in four horses.

Four cases of enterolith obstruction in horses aged from six to 14 years are reported. All four cases had symptoms of persistent low grade abdominal pain and anorexia with an absence of defaecation. Examination revealed reduced gut motility and accumulation of gas, but heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperatures and complete blood counts were all within normal limits.

Possible mechanisms of emphysema in cigarette smokers. Release of elastase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by cigarette smoke condensate in vitro.

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, when incubated in vitro with cigarette smoke condensate, release beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and elastase and fail to exclude trypan blue. The released elastase is active on an elastin substrate even in the continuing presence of cigarette smoke condensate. When mixtures of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cigarette smoke condensate are instilled into rat lungs in vivo, the elastase is also released and can be traced to conneective tissue targets by immunohistochemical and enzyme-histochemical techniques.