Multimodal sensory integration during sequential eating--linking chewing activity, aroma release, and aroma perception over time.

The respective effects of chewing activity, aroma release from a gelled candy, and aroma perception were investigated. Specifically, the study aimed at 1) comparing an imposed chewing and swallowing pattern (IP) and free protocol (FP) on panelists for in vivo measurements, 2) investigating carryover effects in sequential eating, and 3) studying the link between instrumental data and their perception counterpart. Chewing activity, in-nose aroma concentration, and aroma perception over time were measured by electromyography, proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry, and time intensity, respectively.

Novel menthol-derived cooling compounds activate primary and second-order trigeminal sensory neurons and modulate lingual thermosensitivity.

We presently investigated 2 novel menthol derivatives GIV1 and GIV2, which exhibit strong cooling effects. In previous human psychophysical studies, GIV1 delivered in a toothpaste medium elicited a cooling sensation that was longer lasting compared with GIV2 and menthol carboxamide (WS-3). In the current study, we investigated the molecular and cellular effects of these cooling agents.

[Functional exploration of brown adipose tissue using beta3 agonists].

In view to utilize beta 3 adrenoceptor agonists for the investigation of body lipid metabolism, a study of the effects of BRL 37344 on the functional activity of the brown adipose tissue was performed in the Rat. It is known that this tissue is the principal site of heat production for nonshivering thermogenesis mainly due to the oxidation of fatty acids under the control of norepinephrine (NA) released from the sympathetic nervous system. In order to stimulate the activity of the tissue, rats were reared at 16 degrees C.

[Legal aspect: regulation].

We gather, under the expression of regulation, both Parliament Acts and general texts emanating from executive Authorities. The analysis must be made according to the source of noise. So we have successively examined noisy equipment, industrial, commercial and agricultural activities producing noise, noisy material, carriage, leisure activities, building and neighbourhood noises, and after all the protection of working people.

[Immunologic thrombopenic purpura in children: therapeutic trial with high dose of intravenous gamma globulins].

Fifteen children with immunological thrombocytopenic purpura were treated by first intention with high dose intravenous gammaglobulins (Venoglobulins and Sandoglobulins). Nine children recovered after the first injection with platelet counts greater than 50,000/mm3 after 2 days' treatment, so countering the risk of haemorrhage. One child required a second course of treatment and was then cured.

[Pheochromocytoma in children disclosed by pseudomigrainous headache attacks].

The authors report the case of a 10 year old child presenting with a three year history of paroxysmal headaches resembling migraine, and with a positive family history of the condition. It was only after three years that the symptomatology changed to become very suggestive of pheochromocytoma. The case illustrates the difficulties of assessing headaches in childhood and the authors question whether catecholamines and their metabolites should be measured in addition to the classical investigations (retinoscopy, skull X-Ray, EEG, CAT) in children with recurrent, severe and unexplained headaches.