Progress on Broadband Access to the Internet and Use of Mobile Devices in the United States.

Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) aims to improve population health outcomes through several objectives, including health communication and health information technology. We used 7 administrations of the Health Information National Trends Survey to examine HP2020 goals toward access to the Internet through broadband and mobile devices (N = 34 080). We conducted descriptive analyses and obtained predicted marginals, also known as model-adjusted risks, to estimate the association between demographic characteristics and use of mobile devices.

Rationale, Procedures, and Response Rates for the 2015 Administration of NCI's Health Information National Trends Survey: HINTS-FDA 2015.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) developed the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to monitor population trends in cancer communication practices, information preferences, health risk behaviors, attitudes, and cancer knowledge. The U.S.

High estradiol and low progesterone are associated with high assertiveness in women.

Sexual selection theory posits that women are more selective than men are when choosing a mate. This evolutionary theory suggests that "choosiness" increases during the fertile window because the costs and benefits of mate selection are highest when women are likely to conceive. Little research has directly investigated reproductive correlates of choice assertion.

Individualized therapy for persistent asthma in young children.

Background: Phenotypic presentations in young children with asthma are varied and might contribute to differential responses to asthma controller medications.

Methods: The Individualized Therapy for Asthma in Toddlers study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy clinical trial in children aged 12 to 59 months (n = 300) with asthma necessitating treatment with daily controller (Step 2) therapy. Participants completed a 2- to 8-week run-in period followed by 3 crossover periods with daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), daily leukotriene receptor antagonists, and as-needed ICS treatment coadministered with albuterol.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in regulatory decision-making at the European Medicines Agency.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a valuable tool in drug development and regulatory assessment, as it offers the opportunity to simulate the pharmacokinetics of a compound, with a mechanistic understanding, in a variety of populations and situations. This work reviews the use and impact of such modeling in selected regulatory procedures submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) before the end of 2015, together with its subsequent reflection in public documents relating to the assessment of these procedures. It is apparent that the reference to PBPK modeling in regulatory public documents underrepresents its use.

Disruption of de Novo Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Biosynthesis Abolishes Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans.

Opportunistic fungal pathogens such as Cryptococcus neoformans are a growing cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised populations worldwide. To address the current paucity of antifungal therapeutic agents, further research into fungal-specific drug targets is required. Adenylosuccinate synthetase (AdSS) is a crucial enzyme in the adeosine triphosphate (ATP) biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing the formation of adenylosuccinate from inosine monophosphate and aspartate.

Improving adherence to asthma medications: current knowledge and future perspectives.

Purpose Of Review: Poor adherence to asthma controller medications, particularly inhaled corticosteroids, has been well known for decades and is a major cause of uncontrolled asthma and increased healthcare utilization. This review presents recent evidence on factors leading to nonadherence in specific age groups, parents of young children, adolescents and young adults, adults, and the elderly. Novel management strategies including electronic sensors with associated smart phone applications for adherence improvement are discussed.

Pathophysiological links between traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic headaches.

This article reviews possible ways that traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce migraine-type post-traumatic headaches (PTHs) in children, adults, civilians, and military personnel. Several cerebral alterations resulting from TBI can foster the development of PTH, including neuroinflammation that can activate neural systems associated with migraine. TBI can also compromise the intrinsic pain modulation system and this would increase the level of perceived pain associated with PTH.

Management of Acute Cough in Children: Where Do We Go From Here?

The safety of cough and cold products for pediatric use has been a concern of regulatory agencies and advocacy groups for decades. Most recently, the Food and Drug Administration requested input from Pulmonary-Allergy Drugs and Drug Safety and Risk Management advisory committees on the safety of codeine for cough in children aged 18 years and younger. There is little evidence of efficacy for codeine in the treatment of acute cough in children, but mounting evidence for risks of respiratory depression and death.

Acetaminophen versus Ibuprofen in Young Children with Mild Persistent Asthma.

Background: Studies have suggested an association between frequent acetaminophen use and asthma-related complications among children, leading some physicians to recommend that acetaminophen be avoided in children with asthma; however, appropriately designed trials evaluating this association in children are lacking.

Methods: In a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial, we enrolled 300 children (age range, 12 to 59 months) with mild persistent asthma and assigned them to receive either acetaminophen or ibuprofen when needed for the alleviation of fever or pain over the course of 48 weeks. The primary outcome was the number of asthma exacerbations that led to treatment with systemic glucocorticoids.

Macrolides for Acute Wheezing Episodes in Preschool Children.

The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program's Expert Panel Report 3, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma does not recommend antibiotics for the management of acute episodes of asthma exacerbation. Macrolides seem to have some potential effect beyond or in addition to their antibacterial effect. It has been reported that macrolides may potentially benefit patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases due to their antibacterial, antiviral, and/or anti-inflammatory effects.

Skills for Interviewing Adolescent Patients: Sustainability of Structured Feedback in Undergraduate Education on Performance in Residency.

Background: Effective adolescent (10 to 19 years) interviewing by physicians is an essential skill that many trainees can find challenging.

Objective: We assessed whether structured adolescent interviewing using standardized patients (SPs) and feedback in undergraduate medical education (UME) has a sustained effect on residents' skills.

Methods: Postgraduate year (PGY) 1 residents conducted interviews with a SP adolescent-mother pair.

Skin-transmitted pathogens and the heebie jeebies: evidence for a subclass of disgust stimuli that evoke a qualitatively unique emotional response.

Skin-transmitted pathogens have threatened humans since ancient times. We investigated whether skin-transmitted pathogens were a subclass of disgust stimuli that evoked an emotional response that was related to, but distinct from, disgust and fear. We labelled this response "the heebie jeebies".

SAFE Medication Management for Patients With Physical Impairments of Stroke, Part Two.

Purpose: Part one of this series addressed impairments of stroke affecting motor skills. This second article focuses on the sensory impairments of stroke as they affect medication management: vision, hearing, memory and thinking, communication, and emotional disturbances.

Design: Each impairment is discussed, and possible interventions are proposed.

Quality of life in adolescents and adults with CHARGE syndrome.

Health-related Quality of Life and the Impact of Childhood Neurologic Disability Scale were collected for 53 patients with CHARGE syndrome aged 13-39 years with a mean academic level of 4th grade. The most prevalent new and ongoing issues included bone health issues, sleep apnea, retinal detachment, anxiety, and aggression. Sleep issues were significantly correlated with anxiety, self-abuse, conduct problems, and autistic-like behaviors.

Standardized protocols for characterizing women's fertility: A data-driven approach.

Experts are divided on whether women's cognition and behavior differs between fertile and non-fertile phases of the menstrual cycle. One of the biggest criticisms of this literature concerns the use of indirect, imprecise, and flexible methodologies between studies to characterize women's fertility. To resolve this problem, we provide a data-driven method of best practices for characterizing women's fertile phase.

Geographical variation in reporting Interstitial Lung Disease as an adverse drug reaction: findings from an European Medicines Agency analysis of reports in EudraVigilance.

Purpose: Clinically, interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of over 150 respiratory disorders. In the context of its signal evaluation work, the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) has seen geographic clustering of case reports of ILD from Japan. To explore this further, EudraVigilance (EV), the EMA's database of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), was analysed.

Packing and Problematic Feeding Behaviors in CHARGE Syndrome: A Qualitative Analysis.

Objective: To understand packing and problematic feeding behaviors during mealtime in individuals with CHARGE syndrome. Packing, or holding food in one's cheeks without swallowing, is an adverse feeding behavior that has been described in children with autism and Down syndrome, and in those transitioning from tube to oral feeding. It has never been described in detail in CHARGE syndrome, a genetic disorder with a high prevalence of feeding difficulties, tube feeding, and otorhinolaryngological issues.

Perceptions of low agency and high sexual openness mediate the relationship between sexualization and sexual aggression.

Researchers have become increasingly interested in the saturation of popular Western culture by female hypersexualization. We provide data showing that men have more sexually aggressive intentions toward women who self-sexualize, and that self-sexualized women are vulnerable to sexual aggression if two qualifying conditions are met. Specifically, if perceivers view self-sexualized women as sexually open and lacking agency (i.

Newly Emerging Feeding Difficulties in a 33-Year-Old Adult With CHARGE Syndrome.

Feeding and swallowing difficulties are common among individuals with CHARGE syndrome. Many children require gastrostomy tube feeding in their early years and often undergo a delay in feeding and oral-motor skill development. There is little information available on adults with CHARGE syndrome, and the feeding difficulties they face.

Enhanced Paediatric Pharmacovigilance at the European Medicines Agency: A Novel Query Applied to Adverse Drug Reaction Reports.

Background: Databases of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a cornerstone of pharmacovigilance. With increasing numbers of reports, additional statistical approaches are needed to better use the data.

Aim: The present study was aimed at elucidating the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) use of a novel 'paediatric' query to analyse the data in its ADR database 'EudraVigilance'.

Multimodal neurophysiological evaluation of primary progressive multiple sclerosis - An increasingly valid biomarker, with limits.

Background: The promising utility of multi-modality evoked potential batteries to objectively measure multi-tract dysfunction has been evaluated by several groups using different methods.

Objective: To independently evaluate the use of multi-modality evoked potential batteries as surrogate biomarkers for both physical and cognitive status in a cohort of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis patients and identify the most potentially useful scoring method of those described.

Methods: 28 Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis underwent clinical evaluation with Kurtzke's Modified EDSS and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC).