Salts of Therapeutic Agents: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Considerations.

The physicochemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are greatly affected by their salt forms. The choice of a particular salt formulation is based on numerous factors such as API chemistry, intended dosage form, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. The appropriate salt can improve the overall therapeutic and pharmaceutical effects of an API.

Rituximab modulates T- and B-lymphocyte subsets and urinary CD80 excretion in patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting B lymphocytes, effectively sustains remission in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). We studied its effects on lymphocyte subsets and urinary CD80 excretion (uCD80) in patients with SDNS.

Methods: Blood and urine samples were collected from 18 SDNS patients before rituximab, and after 1 month and 1 year or at first relapse.

Analysis of technical feasibility and neurovascular safety of endoscopic distal biceps repair: a cadaveric study.

Background: This cadaveric study was designed to analyze the safety of endoscopic repair of distal biceps tendon (DBT) tears using 2 reattachment techniques. We evaluated the proximity of neurovascular structures to endoscopy portals; iatrogenic injury to neurovascular, musculotendinous, and osseous structures; and changes in compartment pressures. We hypothesized that an all-endoscopic repair of the ruptured DBT would be technically safe and the risk of iatrogenic injury would be low.

Mutations in () gene in Indian children with hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Background: Mutations in the gene account for an important proportion of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) who characteristically show multiple relapses, no response to plasma exchange and low recurrence risk in allograft. We screened for mutations in in patients with and without circulating anti-factor H (FH) antibodies-associated aHUS.

Methods: We estimated surface expression by flow cytometry and sequenced the gene in 23 and 56 patients with and without circulating anti-FH antibodies, respectively.

High-resolution genetic mapping of a novel brown planthopper resistance locus, Bph34 in Oryza sativa L. X Oryza nivara (Sharma & Shastry) derived interspecific F population.

A BPH-resistant locus designated as Bph34 identified in Oryza nivara acc. IRGC104646 on long arm of chromosome 4 using high-resolution mapping with 50 K SNP chip. BPH resistance contributed by locus showed dominant inheritance in F and F.

Autophagy: A Lysosome-Dependent Process with Implications in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Human Disease.

Significance: Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent homeostatic process inherent to cells and tissues, has emerging significance in the pathogenesis of human disease. This process enables the degradation and turnover of cytoplasmic substrates via membrane-dependent sequestration in autophagic vesicles (autophagosomes) and subsequent lysosomal delivery of cargo. Recent Advances: Selective forms of autophagy can target specific substrates (e.

A novel type of quantum dot-transferrin conjugate using DNA hybridization mimics intracellular recycling of endogenous transferrin.

Colloidal nanoparticles such as Quantum Dots (QDs) are promising alternatives to organic fluorophores, especially for long duration bioimaging. For specific targeting applications, QDs frequently require functionalization with selected proteins. In this regard, conjugation of proteins to QDs such that the nanobioconjugates retain the endogenous behavior of the coupled protein remains challenging.

The Role of Relationship Dynamics and Gender Inequalities As Barriers to HIV-Serostatus Disclosure: Qualitative Study among Women and Men Living with HIV in Durban, South Africa.

Background: This qualitative study investigated gender power inequalities as they contribute to relationship dynamics and HIV-serostatus disclosure among men and women living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. HIV serodiscordance among men and women within stable partnerships contributes to high HIV incidence in southern Africa, yet disclosure rates remain low. Given the emphasis on prevention for HIV-serodiscordant couples, this research supports the urgent need to explore how best to support couples to recognize that they are part of this priority population and to access appropriate prevention and treatment.

Arthroscopic Excision of Osteoid Osteoma of the Elbow.

Osteoid osteoma has been reported infrequently around the elbow joint, and is usually treated with radiofrequency ablation or open excision. Elbow arthroscopy is useful for excision of accessible lesions, and the accompanying elbow stiffness can be treated concurrently. This report describes an arthroscopic excision of an osteoid osteoma located in the juxta-articular distal humeral bone.

The Effect of Changes in Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines on Chlamydia Testing.

Purpose: Many chlamydia infections are identified through screening, which is frequently offered to females concomitantly with cervical cancer screening. Recent cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend screening less frequently and starting later. We sought to evaluate the impact of the May 2012 Ontario, Canada, cervical cancer screening guideline change on Papanicolaou (Pap) and chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) testing and incidence.

Friction Mediates Scission of Tubular Membranes Scaffolded by BAR Proteins.

Membrane scission is essential for intracellular trafficking. While BAR domain proteins such as endophilin have been reported in dynamin-independent scission of tubular membrane necks, the cutting mechanism has yet to be deciphered. Here, we combine a theoretical model, in vitro, and in vivo experiments revealing how protein scaffolds may cut tubular membranes.

Arthroscopic Removal of Proximal Humerus Plates in Chronic Post-traumatic Shoulder Stiffness.

Proximal humerus fracture fixation may be complicated by persistent postsurgical stiffness or implant-related problems. Arthroscopic plate removal is a cosmetic and functionally beneficial procedure; however, the procedure is technically difficult in the presence of severe subdeltoid scarring. The technique described here shows an arthroscopic subdeltoid adhesiolysis and proximal humerus plate removal using systematic access to 5 regions of screw positions on the plate.

Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism Involved in Pomegranate-Mediated Prevention of Breast Cancer: the Role of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways.

Pomegranate ( L.), a nutrient-rich unique fruit, has been used for centuries for the prevention and treatment of various inflammation-driven diseases. Based on our previous study, a characterized pomegranate emulsion (PE) exhibited a striking inhibition of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated rat mammary tumorigenesis via antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing mechanisms.

Effects of restricting perioperative use of intravenous chloride on kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: the LICRA pragmatic controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: The administration of chloride-rich intravenous (IV) fluid and hyperchloraemia have been associated with perioperative renal injury. The aim of this study was to determine whether a comprehensive perioperative protocol for the administration of chloride-limited IV fluid would reduce perioperative renal injury in adults undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods: From February 2014 through to December 2015, all adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery within a single academic medical center received IV fluid according to the study protocol.

Probing the structure and in silico stability of cargo loaded DNA icosahedra using MD simulations.

Platonic solids such as polyhedra based on DNA have been deployed for multifarious applications such as RNAi delivery, biological targeting and bioimaging. All of these applications hinge on the capability of DNA polyhedra for molecular display with high spatial precision. Therefore high resolution structural models of such polyhedra are critical to widen their applications in both materials and biology.

Risk factors for death during a resurgence of influenza-A (H1N1) pdm09 in Punjab State in 2013.

Background: In 2013, high mortality from influenza-A (H1N1) pdm09 (pH1N1) was observed in Punjab, India.

Objectives: To describe cases and deaths of 2013 pH1N1 positives, to evaluate the high case fatality ratio and risk factors for pH1N1-associated mortality among the hospitalized cases in Punjab for 2013.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted and compared those who died from confirmed pH1N1 with those who survived in the hospital between January 1, 2013, and April 30, 2013.

Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1: A Urinary Biomarker of Kidney Disease.

Identifying noninvasive biomarkers of kidney disease is valuable for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression is known to be elevated in the kidneys in several renal disease pathologies. We hypothesized that the urinary HIF-1a mRNA level may be a suitable biomarker for expression of this protein in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Task Irrelevant External Cues Can Influence Language Selection in Voluntary Object Naming: Evidence from Hindi-English Bilinguals.

We examined if external cues such as other agents' actions can influence the choice of language during voluntary and cued object naming in bilinguals in three experiments. Hindi-English bilinguals first saw a cartoon waving at a color patch. They were then asked to either name a picture in the language of their choice (voluntary block) or to name in the instructed language (cued block).

Cadaveric Study of Insertional Anatomy of Distal Biceps Tendon and its Relationship to the Dynamic Proximal Radioulnar Space.

Purpose: To quantify and assess the relationship between the insertional dimensions of the distal biceps tendon (DBT) and radioulnar space (RUS) in 3 rotational positions. We hypothesized that in all positions RUS would be adequate for the DBT and would remain adequate even after an incremental increase (1 to 3 mm) in tendon thickness.

Methods: Eleven fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows were dissected; DBT dimensions and bicipital tuberosity measurements were performed and insertional footprints were quantified using a distal biceps footprint index.

Dissecting multi-photon resonances at the large hadron collider.

We examine the phenomenology of the production, at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC), of a heavy resonance , which decays via other new on-shell particles into multi-(i.e. three or more) photon final states.

Combination effects of sorafenib with PI3K inhibitors under hypoxia in colorectal cancer.

Aim: This study reports the influence of hypoxia on response of colorectal cancer cells to anticancer effects of sorafenib in combination with PI3K inhibitors GDC-0941 and BEZ-235.

Materials And Methods: All hypoxic exposures were carried out at 1% O/5% CO. Antiproliferation activity was evaluated by 48 hours propidium iodide and 14 days clonogenic assay.

A pilot study of a hospital-based injury surveillance system in a secondary level district hospital in India: lessons learnt and way ahead.

Background: Reliable epidemiological information on injury burden and pattern is essential to formulate effective injury control and prevention strategies. Injury surveillance systems are globally gaining ground as a tool for collecting such systematic data on injuries, but less so in low and middle income countries. This study describes the experience of setting up a District Level Hospital-Based Injury Surveillance System in India and the pattern of injuries encountered therein.

Quantum dot-loaded monofunctionalized DNA icosahedra for single-particle tracking of endocytic pathways.

Functionalization of quantum dots (QDs) with a single biomolecular tag using traditional approaches in bulk solution has met with limited success. DNA polyhedra consist of an internal void bounded by a well-defined three-dimensional structured surface. The void can house cargo and the surface can be functionalized with stoichiometric and spatial precision.