Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent healthcare-associated bacterial infections.

SUMMARYHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a burden for public health with a high prevalence and high death rates associated with them. Pathogens with a high potential for antimicrobial resistance, such as ESKAPE pathogens ( and ) and , are responsible for most HAIs. Despite the implementation of infection prevention and control intervention, globally, HAIs prevalence is stable and they are mainly due to endogenous pathogens.

Optimizing Teamwork in the Operating Room: A Scoping Review of Actionable Teamwork Strategies.

Suboptimal teamwork in the operating room (OR) is a contributing factor in a significant proportion of preventable complications for surgical patients. Specifying behaviour is fundamental to closing evidence-practice gaps in healthcare. Current teamwork interventions, however, have yet to be synthesized in this way.

[Systematic analysis of evaluations of Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) multiple circuits: Explanatory variables and inter-rater correlations].

Introduction: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) assess professional performance in a simulated environment. Following their integration into the reform of the 2nd cycle of medical studies (R2C), this pedagogical modality was implemented in France. This study investigates the variability of students' OSCE scores, as well as their inter-rater reproducibility.

Evaluating the Knowledge of and Behavior Toward COVID-19 and the Possibility of Isolating at a City Level: Survey Study.

Background: Mass testing campaigns were proposed in France during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to detect and isolate asymptomatic individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2. During mass testing in Saint-Étienne (February 2021), we performed a survey of the general population.

Objective: We evaluated, on the scale of a city's population, the literacy level about SARS-CoV-2 transmission, barrier gesture respect, and isolation acceptability or possibility in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prospective Evaluation of the BD MAX StaphSR Assay for the Screening of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant from Nasal Swabs Taken in Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Screening patients for nasal carriage has proved effective in preventing cross-contamination and endogenous infection with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the BD MAX StaphSR assay with liquid Amies elution swabs, taken during routine care of intensive care unit patients. Direct and pre-enriched cultures were used as reference methods to screen for and methicillin-resistant (MRSA).

The efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in COVID-19 patients on endothelial tightness is hindered by platelet activation.

Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is characterised in particular by vascular inflammation with platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. During the pandemic, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was used to reduce the cytokine storm in the circulation and delay or prevent ICU admissions. This procedure consists in replacing the inflammatory plasma by fresh frozen plasma from healthy donors and is often used to remove pathogenic molecules from plasma (autoantibodies, immune complexes, toxins, etc.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization level and intracellular reservoir: a prospective cohort study.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in humans. The nasal vestibule is considered as the main reservoir of S. aureus.

[Viruses present in the environment: virological considerations and examples of their impact on human health].

Animal viruses are present in most human environments. Their viability in these media is very variable and the most important element that conditions this viability is the existence or not of a phospholipid envelope surrounding the nucleocapsid. After some general considerations on the structure of viruses, their multiplication cycle and their resistance to different physico-chemical agents, some examples of the impact of animal viruses present in the environment on human health will be presented.

Effect of influenza vaccination among healthcare workers on hospital-acquired influenza in short-stay hospitalized patients: A multicenter pilot study in France.

Background: Exposure to infected healthcare workers (HCWs) is a source of hospital-acquired (HA) influenza. We estimated the risk of HA influenza for hospitalized patients by rate of influenza vaccine coverage (IVC) of HCWs.

Methods: A case-case negative control study nested in a prospective cohort was conducted in 2 French university hospitals during 2 influenza seasons.

Development and Validation of the COVID-19 Knowledges and Behavior Questionnaire in a French Population (CoVQuest-CC).

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led most countries to take restrictive measures affecting social activities and individual freedoms to limit viral transmission. It was shown that practical, motivational and social barriers impact on adherence to the isolation and social distancing measures advocated by the health authorities. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a COVID-19 Knowledges and Behavior Questionnaire adapted to a teenager and adult French population.

Factors Associated with Psychological Distress in French Medical Students during the COVID-19 Health Crisis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychological distress in medical students during the COVID-19 health crisis and to identify factors associated with psychological distress.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was presented to 1814 medical students (from first to sixth year) in a French university hospital center. Sociodemographic, occupational and medical information (psychological distress measured on the French GHQ12 scale) were collected via an online anonymous self-administered questionnaire.

Successful intergeneric transfer of a major apple scab resistance gene (Rvi6) from apple to pear and precise comparison of the downstream molecular mechanisms of this resistance in both species.

Background: Scab is the most important fungal disease of apple and pear. Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) and European pear (Pyrus communis L.

Improved Enzyme Protection Assay to Study Staphylococcus aureus Internalization and Intracellular Efficacy of Antimicrobial Compounds.

Staphylococcus aureus expresses virulence factors to trigger its internalization into eukaryote cells and to survive inside different subcellular compartments. This paper describes an enzyme protection assay to study the extent of S. aureus internalization and its intracellular survival in adherent non-professional phagocytic cells (NPPCs) as well as the intracellular efficacy of antimicrobial compounds.

Platelet Innate Immune Receptors and TLRs: A Double-Edged Sword.

Platelets are hematopoietic cells whose main function has for a long time been considered to be the maintenance of vascular integrity. They have an essential role in the hemostatic response, but they also have functional capabilities that go far beyond it. This review will provide an overview of platelet functions.

New Quinoxaline Derivatives as Dual Pim-1/2 Kinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation.

Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim)-1/2 kinase overexpression has been identified in a variety of hematologic (e.g., multiple myeloma or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) and solid (e.

A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity.

Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for COVID-19. In this study, using either live SARS-CoV-2 particles or retroviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S viral surface protein (Spike), we studied the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in serum samples from a cohort of 140 SARS-CoV-2 qPCR-confirmed infections, including patients with mild symptoms and also more severe forms, including those that required intensive care. We show that nAb titers correlated strongly with disease severity and with anti-spike IgG levels.

Longitudinal Study of Viral and Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Pediatricians' Mobile Phones.

Mobile phones (MPs) of healthcare workers (HCWs) may represent an important source of transmission of infectious agents. This longitudinal study documents the contamination of these tools. Ten MPs handled by senior pediatricians were sampled once a week during 23 weeks in three pediatric wards of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, France.

Do Contact Precautions Reduce the Incidence of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections? The DPCPYO (Detection and Contact Precautions for Patients With P. aeruginosa) Cluster-Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: The issue of contact precautions as contributory factors for reducing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infections in intensive care units (ICUs) remains questioned. We evaluated the impact of the addition of contact precautions to standard precautions for Pa-positive patients on incidence of ICU-acquired Pa infections.

Methods: In this multicenter, cluster-randomized crossover trial, 10 French ICUs were randomly assigned (1:1) to sequence 0-1 (6-month control period [CP]/3-month washout period/6-month intervention period [IP]) or sequence 1-0 (6-month IP/3-month washout period/6-month CP).

COVID-19 in health-care workers: lessons from SARS and MERS epidemics and perspectives for chemoprophylaxis and vaccines.

: The world is now facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Experience with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and early reports about SARS-CoV-2 infection suggest that health-care settings and health-care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable in the context of the emergence of a new coronavirus. : To highlight the need for prophylactic strategies particularly for HCWs, we identified SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in health-care settings and the incidence of infections in HCWs by a search on MEDLINE and MEDxRIV (for SARS-Cov-2).

COVID-19 outpatient management: Shorter time to recovery in Healthcare workers according to an electronic daily symptoms assessment.

Objectives: Our aim is to compare the course of the disease between healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs suffering from covid-19 and eligible for outpatient management.

Methods: Single-center prospective cohort of outpatients with covid-19, diagnosed between the 10th March and the 2nd April, 2020 with a daily collection of symptoms by an on-line auto-questionnaire.

Results: A total of 186 patients were included (median age, 41 years [interquartile range, 19-78 years]; 74.

SARS-CoV-2 infection: advocacy for training and social distancing in healthcare settings.

This article reports the observed rate of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in healthcare workers (HCWs) who worked on wards dedicated to care of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with HCWs who worked on non-COVID-19 wards. The infection rate was significantly higher among HCWs who worked on non-COVID-19 wards (odds ratio 2.3, P=0.