Integrating a Longitudinal Course on the Principles of Research in an Outcomes-Based Undergraduate Medical Education Curriculum.

Background And Need For Innovation: Teaching and learning approaches can support medical students in developing the research skills necessary to be adept consumers of scientific research. Despite various influencing factors, existing literature on effective strategies in undergraduate medical education remains limited.

Goal Of Innovation: Using a spiraled curriculum, we created and evaluated a longitudinal course to enhance medical students' research abilities.

Natural fermentation of fresh Jasmine flowers inspired the development of a biotechnological ingredient with global anti-ageing properties.

Objective: This study focused on the development of a new-to-world ingredient harnessing the natural potential of fresh Jasminum grandiflorum flowers to self-ferment by its phytobiome revealing flower content. Analytical investigations were conducted to highlight specific phytocompounds generated during the natural fermentation of flowers in comparison to a conventional extraction. The synergy with another extraction technology maximized the generation of biocompounds for an interesting efficacy.

Development of a decision support tool to compare diagnostic strategies for establishing the herd status for infectious diseases: An example with Salmonella Dublin infection in dairies.

The diagnosis of infectious diseases at herd level can be challenging as different stakeholders can have conflicting priorities. The current study proposes a "proof of concept" of an approach that considers a reasonable number of criteria to rank plausible diagnostic strategies using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods. The example of Salmonella Dublin diagnostic in Québec dairy herds is presented according to two epidemiological contexts: (i) in herds with no history of S.

Population Genomics Reveals the Underlying Structure of the Small Pelagic European Sardine and Suggests Low Connectivity within Macaronesia.

The European sardine (, Walbaum 1792) is indisputably a commercially important species. Previous studies using uneven sampling or a limited number of makers have presented sometimes conflicting evidence of the genetic structure of populations. Here, we show that whole genome data from 108 individuals from 16 sampling areas across 5000 km of the species' distribution range (from the Eastern Mediterranean to the archipelago of Azores) support at least three genetic clusters.

High germline mutation rates, but not extreme population outbreaks, influence genetic diversity in a keystone coral predator.

Lewontin's paradox, the observation that levels of genetic diversity (π) do not scale linearly with census population size (Nc) variation, is an evolutionary conundrum. The most extreme mismatches between π and Nc are found for highly abundant marine invertebrates. Yet, the influences of new mutations on π relative to extrinsic processes such as Nc fluctuations are unknown.

Exploring medical students' use of principles of self-explanation and structured reflection during clerkship.

Background: While educators observe gaps in clerkship students' clinical reasoning (CR) skills, students report few opportunities to develop them. This study aims at exploring how students who used self-explanation (SE) and structured reflection (SR) for CR learning during preclinical training, applied these learning strategies during clerkship.

Methods: We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study involving medical students.

"Online survey of COVID-19 immunization and infection in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset still's disease.".

Background: Patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) have been under-represented in studies about safety of the COVID-19 immunization. We aimed to inquire about the safety and tolerability of COVID-19 immunization in this population.

Methods: An anonymous online survey on closed Facebook groups for patients and parents with self-reported sJIA/AOSD was posted from June 27th until August 30th, 2022.

Accuracy of testing strategies using antibody-ELISA tests on repeated bulk tank milk samples and/or sera of individual animals for predicting herd status for Salmonella dublin in dairy cattle.

There is currently no perfect test for determining herd-level status for Salmonella Dublin in dairy cattle herds. Our objectives were to evaluate the accuracy, predictive ability, and misclassification cost term of different testing scenarios using repeated measurements for establishing the S. Dublin herd status.

Considering the Structured Oral Examinations Beyond Its Psychometrics Properties.

Decisions to set aside Structured Oral Examinations (SOE) are, almost invariably, based on their poor psychometric properties. However, considering the perspectives of the stakeholders might help us to understand its potential contribution. To explore this, we conducted focus groups and individual interviews with stakeholders: students, assessors, and administrators.

Printing in Time for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Trauma Surgery: Key Parameters to Factor in.

Study Design: retrospective cohort study.

Objective: 3D printing is used extensively in cranio-maxillo-facial (CMF) surgery, but difficulties remain for surgeons to implement it in an acute trauma setting because critical information is often omitted from reports. Therefore, we developed an in-house printing pipeline for a variety of cranio-maxillo-facial fractures and characterized each step required to print a model in time for surgery.

Evolution of the germline mutation rate across vertebrates.

The germline mutation rate determines the pace of genome evolution and is an evolving parameter itself. However, little is known about what determines its evolution, as most studies of mutation rates have focused on single species with different methodologies. Here we quantify germline mutation rates across vertebrates by sequencing and comparing the high-coverage genomes of 151 parent-offspring trios from 68 species of mammals, fishes, birds and reptiles.

Harnessing a knowledge translation framework to implement an undergraduate medical education intervention: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: Implementation of evidence-informed educational interventions (EEI) involves applying and adapting theoretical and scientific knowledge to a specific context. Knowledge translation (KT) approaches can both facilitate and structure the process. The purpose of this paper is to describe lessons learned from applying a KT approach to help implement an EEI for clinical reasoning in medical students.

A haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the Nile rat facilitates exploration of the genetic basis of diabetes.

Background: The Nile rat (Avicanthis niloticus) is an important animal model because of its robust diurnal rhythm, a cone-rich retina, and a propensity to develop diet-induced diabetes without chemical or genetic modifications. A closer similarity to humans in these aspects, compared to the widely used Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus models, holds the promise of better translation of research findings to the clinic.

Results: We report a 2.

Predicting the structural basis of targeted protein degradation by integrating molecular dynamics simulations with structural mass spectrometry.

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is a promising approach in drug discovery for degrading proteins implicated in diseases. A key step in this process is the formation of a ternary complex where a heterobifunctional molecule induces proximity of an E3 ligase to a protein of interest (POI), thus facilitating ubiquitin transfer to the POI. In this work, we characterize 3 steps in the TPD process.

Risk of Neutropenia in Adults Treated with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Cefazolin: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Neutropenia is an adverse effect associated with the use of several antibiotics, including piperacillin-tazobactam (P/T). Previous findings have suggested that the risk of neutropenia in children is significantly higher with P/T than with ticarcillin-clavulanate.

Objectives: To compare the risk of neutropenia associated with P/T and with cefazolin in an adult population and to describe the characteristics of neutropenia episodes observed.

Optical observation of single spins in silicon.

The global quantum internet will require long-lived, telecommunications-band photon-matter interfaces manufactured at scale. Preliminary quantum networks based on photon-matter interfaces that meet a subset of these demands are encouraging efforts to identify new high-performance alternatives. Silicon is an ideal host for commercial-scale solid-state quantum technologies.

Estimation of the accuracy of an ELISA test applied to bulk tank milk for predicting herd-level status for Salmonella Dublin in dairy herds using Bayesian Latent Class Models.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test is commonly used for detection of antibodies to Salmonella Dublin in individual bovine milk samples. However, little is known about its accuracy when used on bulk tank milk for determining herd-level S. Dublin status and when evaluated without assuming a perfect reference test.

Stakeholders' perception on the implementation of Developmental Progress Assessment: using the Theoretical Domains Framework to document behavioral determinants.

Background: The widespread implementation of longitudinal assessment (LA) to document trainees' progression to independent practice rests more on speculative rather than evidence-based benefits. We aimed to document stakeholders' knowledge of- and attitudes towards LA, and identify how the supports and barriers can help or hinder the uptake and sustainable use of LA.

Methods: We interviewed representatives from four stakeholder groups involved in LA.

Role of high-risk antibiotic use in incidence of health-care-associated Clostridioides difficile infection in Quebec, Canada: a population-level ecological study.

Background: The incidence of health-care-associated Clostridioides difficile infections has been declining in the Canadian province of Quebec since 2015. We examined whether changes in high-risk antibiotic use could account for this decrease, as reported in other jurisdictions.

Methods: We did a retrospective interrupted time-series analysis of 12 hospitals in the Canadian province of Quebec, representing a quarter of all health-care-associated C difficile infections in this region between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2017.

Factors Associated With Specialists' Intention to Adopt New Behaviors After Taking Web-Based Continuing Professional Development Courses: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Web-based continuing professional development (CPD) is a convenient and low-cost way for physicians to update their knowledge. However, little is known about the factors that influence their intention to put this new knowledge into practice.

Objective: We aimed to identify sociocognitive factors associated with physicians' intention to adopt new behaviors as well as indications of Bloom's learning levels following their participation in 5 web-based CPD courses.

Use of the CPD-REACTION Questionnaire to Evaluate Continuing Professional Development Activities for Health Professionals: Systematic Review.

Background: Continuing professional development (CPD) is essential for physicians to maintain and enhance their knowledge, competence, skills, and performance. Web-based CPD plays an essential role. However, validated theory-informed measures of their impact are lacking.

Development and Initial Validation of the Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Questionnaire Among Adolescents From Clinic Settings.

Objectives: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a new DSM-5 diagnosis. It is observed in youths and is characterized by chronic irritability and temper outbursts. This study aimed (i) to develop a brief questionnaire administered during a semi-structured interview and (ii) to assess its psychometric properties with adolescents 12-15 years old by estimating its internal consistency and its concurrent association with measures of depressive symptoms and borderline personality traits.

Drivers of iPad use by undergraduate medical students: the Technology Acceptance Model perspective.

Background: Medical students need to acquire a continuously growing body of knowledge during their training and throughout their practice. Medical training programs should aim to provide students with the skills to manage this knowledge. Mobile technology, for example, could be a strategy used through training and practice.

Studying mutation rate evolution in primates-a need for systematic comparison of computational pipelines.

The lack of consensus methods to estimate germline mutation rates from pedigrees has led to substantial differences in computational pipelines in the published literature. Here, we answer Susanne Pfeifer's opinion piece discussing the pipeline choices of our recent article estimating the germline mutation rate of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We acknowledge the differences between the method that we applied and the one preferred by Pfeifer.