Exposure to prenatal excess or imbalanced micronutrients leads to long-term perturbations in one-carbon metabolism, trimethylamine-N-oxide and DNA methylation in Wistar rat offspring.

Prenatal multivitamins, including folic acid, are commonly consumed in excess, whereas choline, an essential nutrient and an important source of labile methyl groups, is underconsumed. Here, we characterized profiles of one-carbon metabolism and related pathways and patterns of DNA methylation in offspring exposed to excess or imbalanced micronutrients prenatally. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either recommended 1× vitamins (RV), high 10× vitamins (HV), high 10× folic acid with recommended choline (HFolRC), or high 10× folic acid with no choline (HFolNC).

Modulating Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles' Physicochemical Properties to Alter Macrophage Uptake.

Macrophage uptake of nanoparticles is highly dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of those nanoparticles. Here, we have created a collection of lipid-polymer nanoparticles (LPNPs) varying in size, stiffness, and lipid makeup to determine the effects of these factors on uptake in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. The LPNPs varied in diameter from 232 to 812 nm, in storage modulus from 21.

Modern Trends in Microelectronics Packaging Reliability Testing.

In this review, recent trends in microelectronics packaging reliability are summarized. We review the technology from early packaging concepts, including wire bond and BGA, to advanced techniques used in HI schemes such as 3D stacking, interposers, fan-out packaging, and more recently developed silicon interconnect fabric integration. This review includes approaches for both design modification studies and packaged device validation.

LIONS PREY: A New Logistic Scoring System for the Prediction of Malignant Pulmonary Nodules.

Objectives: Classifying radiologic pulmonary lesions as malignant is challenging. Scoring systems like the Mayo model lack precision in predicting the probability of malignancy. We developed the logistic scoring system 'LIONS PREY' (Lung lesION Score PREdicts malignancY), which is superior to existing models in its precision in determining the likelihood of malignancy.

Hydrogel foam dressings with angiogenic and immunomodulatory factors from mesenchymal stem cells.

Stem cell therapy and skin substitutes address the stalled healing of chronic wounds in order to promote wound closure; however, the high cost and regulatory hurdles of these treatments limit patient access. A low-cost method to induce bioactive healing has the potential to substantially improve patient care and prevent wound-induced limb loss. A previous study reported that bioactive factors derived from apoptotic-like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrated anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic effects and improved ischemic muscle regeneration.

Technology-assisted behavioral intervention to encourage prehabilitation in frail older adults undergoing surgery: Development and design of the BeFitMe™ Apple Watch app.

Objective: Increasing the physical activity of frail, older patients before surgery through prehabilitation (prehab) can hasten return to autonomy and reduce complications postoperatively. However, prehab participation is low in the clinical setting. In this study, we re-design an existing prehab smartphone application (BeFitMe™) using a novel standalone Apple Watch platform to increase accessibility and usability for vulnerable patients.

Soluble components from mesenchymal stromal cell processing exert anti-inflammatory effects and facilitate ischemic muscle regeneration.

Background Aims: Skeletal muscle regeneration after severe damage is reliant on local stem cell proliferation and differentiation, processes that are tightly regulated by macrophages. Peripheral artery disease is a globally prevalent cardiovascular disease affecting millions of people. Progression of the disease leads to intermittent claudication, subsequent critical limb ischemia and muscle injury.

Supportive strategies for nonverbal communication with persons living with dementia: A scoping review.

Background: Many people living with dementia experience challenges comprehending language and benefit from nonverbal communication supports. Little published empirical evidence exists for care partners regarding supportive strategies for nonverbal communication with people living with dementia. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of nonverbal strategies for care partners which have been observed to support communication with people living with dementia.

Impact of an osteopathic peer recovery coaching model on treatment outcomes in high-risk men entering residential treatment for substance use disorders.

Context: The United States has witnessed a disproportionate rise in substance use disorders (SUD) and co-occurring mental health disorders, paired with housing instability, especially among racially minoritized communities. Traditional in-patient residential treatment programs for SUD have proven inconsistent in their effectiveness in preventing relapse and maintaining attrition among these patient populations. There is evidence showing that peer recovery programs led by individuals who have lived experience with SUD can increase social support and foster intrinsic motivation within participants to bolster their recovery.

Participative human-factor evaluation in the context of digital work (re-)design.

Background: Challenged by digital transformation, organizations increasingly integrate information and communication technologies into work designs. Often focal points of such digital reengineering initiatives are technical and economic aspects. Yet, as integration of new technologies affects how employee work and interact, there is a need to evaluate human-centered criteria (human-factor evaluation), optimally by involving employees as situational experts.

Prenatal choline supplementation improves biomarkers of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dietary methyl donors (e.g., choline) support the activity of the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway, which generates phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules enriched in DHA that are exported from the liver and made available to extrahepatic tissues.

Apoptotic body-inspired nanoparticles target macrophages at sites of inflammation to support an anti-inflammatory phenotype shift.

Chronic inflammation is a significant pathological process found in a range of disease states. Treatments to reduce inflammation in this family of diseases may improve symptoms and disease progression, but are largely limited by variable response rates, cost, and off-target effects. Macrophages are implicated in many inflammatory diseases for their critical role in the maintenance and resolution of inflammation.

Home Respiratory Care: Design of a Prototype for Continuous Measurement at the Nasal Septum.

Chronic respiratory diseases have been on the rise, especially due to COVID-19, extreme air pollution, and other external circumstances. Millions of people around the world suffer from progressive lung diseases and require supplemental oxygen therapy to maintain blood oxygen (SpO2) levels above 90% to prevent hypoxic episodes that can lead to further organ damage. Today, these chronic episodes are more prevalent in aging populations suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD).

An Email Coaching Option Increases Participant Program Utilization and Coach Productivity.

Purpose: To assess impact of adding an email option to phone-based coaching on the number of coaching sessions completed.

Design: Retrospective analysis of a change in program design.

Setting: A health plan health and wellness coaching service.

Choline metabolome response to prenatal choline supplementation across pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial.

Pregnancy places a unique stress upon choline metabolism, requiring adaptations to support both maternal and fetal requirements. The impact of pregnancy and prenatal choline supplementation on choline and its metabolome in free-living, healthy adults is relatively uncharacterized. This study investigated the effect of prenatal choline supplementation on maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism among free-living pregnant persons consuming self-selected diets.

Data and its (dis)contents: A survey of dataset development and use in machine learning research.

In this work, we survey a breadth of literature that has revealed the limitations of predominant practices for dataset collection and use in the field of machine learning. We cover studies that critically review the design and development of datasets with a focus on negative societal impacts and poor outcomes for system performance. We also cover approaches to filtering and augmenting data and modeling techniques aimed at mitigating the impact of bias in datasets.