Evaluation of an integrated treatment to address smoking cessation and anxiety/depressive symptoms among people living with HIV: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Interventions that target anxiety/depressive symptoms in the context of smoking treatment have shown promise irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis. Yet, these tailored treatments are largely absent for persons who smoke and are living with HIV (SLWH).

Objective: To evaluate a novel, smoking cessation intervention that addresses anxiety/depression and HIV-related health (QUIT) against a time-matched control (TMC) and a standard of care (SOC) condition.

Harnessing Chemical Ecology for Environment-Friendly Crop Protection.

Heavy reliance on synthetic pesticides for crop protection has become increasingly unsustainable, calling for robust alternative strategies that do not degrade the environment and vital ecosystem services. There are numerous reports of successful disease control by various microbes used in small-scale trials. However, inconsistent efficacy has hampered their large-scale application.

A new, enigmatic species of black-eyed gecko (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae: Mokopirirakau/) from North Otago, New Zealand.

The New Zealand endemic gecko genus, Mokopirirakau, is notable for its ecology, with some species inhabiting extreme alpine environments, as well as for the large number of geographically circumscribed, species-level lineages awaiting formal description. In, 2018, a population superficially similar in colour and morphology to the black-eyed gecko (M. kahutarae) was discovered in alpine greywacke rock outcrops in the Oteake Conservation Park, North Otago, ~400 km south of the nearest M.

The hierarchy of root branching order determines bacterial composition, microbial carrying capacity and microbial filtering.

Fine roots vary dramatically in their functions, which range from resource absorption to within-plant resource transport. These differences should alter resource availability to root-associated microorganisms, yet most root microbiome studies involve fine root homogenization. We hypothesized that microbial filtering would be greatest in the most distal roots.

Impact of Novel Multiinstitutional Curriculum on Critical Care Fellow Ventilator Knowledge.

Management of mechanical ventilation (MV) is a curricular milestone for trainees in pulmonary critical care medicine (PCCM) and critical care medicine (CCM) fellowships. Though recognition of ventilator waveform abnormalities that could result in patient complications is an important part of management, it is unclear how well fellows recognize these abnormalities. To study proficiency of ventilator waveform analysis among first-year fellows enrolled in a MV course compared with that of traditionally trained fellows.

Parental dementia and subjective memory impairment in the health and retirement study.

Objectives: To examine relationships between subjective memory impairment (SMI) and parental dementia among in older adults while considering the interactive influence of depressive symptoms, ethnicity, and race.

Method: The sample was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of aging ( = 3,809; = 66.09;  = 1.

Understanding DNA organization, damage, and repair with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy.

Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) comprises a suite of techniques well-suited to probing the nanoscale landscape of genomic function and dysfunction. Offering the specificity and sensitivity that has made conventional fluorescence microscopy a cornerstone technique of biological research, SRM allows for spatial resolutions as good as 10 nanometers. Moreover, single molecule localization microscopies (SMLMs) enable examination of individual molecular targets and nanofoci allowing for the characterization of subpopulations within a single cell.

Comparative effectiveness of glasdegib versus venetoclax combined with low-dose cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia.

Two combination therapies recently approved and recommended for use in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) in acute myeloid leukemia patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy are glasdegib+LDAC and venetoclax+LDAC. An indirect treatment comparison used median overall survival, overall survival hazard ratios, complete remission (CR), CR+CR with incomplete blood count recovery and transfusion independence to assess comparative effectiveness, and a simulated treatment comparison accounted for differences in patient characteristics between trials. Differences in efficacy between glasdegib+LDAC and venetoclax+LDAC were suggestive and not statistically significant.

Effectiveness of Elastomeric Half-Mask Respirators vs N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators During Simulated Resuscitation: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

This nonrandomized controlled trial compares the effectiveness of elastomeric half-mask respirators with that of N95 filtering facepiece respirators during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

A multi-omic characterization of temperature stress in a halotolerant Scenedesmus strain for algal biotechnology.

Microalgae efficiently convert sunlight into lipids and carbohydrates, offering bio-based alternatives for energy and chemical production. Improving algal productivity and robustness against abiotic stress requires a systems level characterization enabled by functional genomics. Here, we characterize a halotolerant microalga Scenedesmus sp.

The Factor Structure of Items Assessing Subjective Memory: Between-Persons and Within-Persons across Time.

Introduction: Current understanding of the psychometric properties of items intended to assess the multidimensional construct of subjective memory (SM) is limited, as longitudinal studies of aging commonly use single items or brief sets of items to assess SM. Investigating how SM items cluster within individuals over time would increase the understanding of how combining these items impacts their utility as an early indicator of cognitive change in the aging trajectory. To address this need, the current study examined the factor structure of a brief set of SM items in an existing longitudinal study focused on cognitive aging at both the within-person and between-person levels.

Heartfulness meditation improves loneliness and sleep in physicians and advance practice providers during COVID-19 pandemic.

Unprecedented work pressures and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic may worsen loneliness and sleep problems in health-care professionals. Heartfulness meditation has been shown to improve burnout and sleep. In the current study, the effects of remote Heartfulness meditation in improving loneliness and sleep quality were measured.

Large-scale shift in the structure of a kelp forest ecosystem co-occurs with an epizootic and marine heatwave.

Climate change is responsible for increased frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs). Within eastern boundary current systems, MHWs have profound impacts on temperature-nutrient dynamics that drive primary productivity. Bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) forests, a vital nearshore habitat, experienced unprecedented losses along 350 km of coastline in northern California beginning in 2014 and continuing through 2019.

Variation in disturbance to a foundation species structures the dynamics of a benthic reef community.

Disturbance and foundation species can both have strong impacts on ecosystem structure and function, but studies of their interacting effects are hindered by the long life spans and slow growth of most foundation species. Here, we investigated the extent to which foundation species may mediate the impacts of disturbance on ecological communities, using the kelp forest ecosystem as a study system. Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) grows rapidly and experiences wave disturbance from winter storms.

Becoming an Antiracist Neonatal Community.

Background: There are pervasive and documented disparities in maternal and infant outcomes related to race and ethnicity. Critical awareness is growing in our current cultural environment about strategies to improve health equity, the need to challenge implicit bias, and dismantle racism in healthcare to decrease racial health inequities.

Methods: In this article, we provide a summary of health inequities that exist within the perinatal/neonatal population and offer strategies for initiating conversations and improving health equity by challenging bias and increasing diversity.

Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions are Associated With Future Substance Use Disorders and Overdose Following Adolescent Trauma.

Objective: This study aims to determine if outpatient opioid prescriptions are associated with future SUD diagnoses and overdose in injured adolescents 5 years following hospital discharge.

Summary Of Background Data: Approximately, 1 in 8 adolescents are diagnosed with an SUD and 1 in 10 experience an overdose in the 5 years following injury. State laws have become more restrictive on opioid prescribing by acute care providers for treating pain, however, prescriptions from other outpatient providers are still often obtained.

The cost-effectiveness of glasdegib in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia in adult patients who are not eligible to receive intensive induction chemotherapy in Canada.

Aim: The clinical efficacy and safety of DAURISMO (glasdegib) combined with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) were demonstrated in the BRIGHT AML 1003 study among newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients who are not eligible to receive intensive chemotherapy. This study aims to evaluate its cost-effectiveness versus LDAC alone and azacitidine from a Canadian payer perspective.

Materials And Methods: A partitioned-survival model was developed with three health states: progression-free survival (PFS), relapse/progression and death.

Macromolecule suppressed GABA levels show no relationship with age in a pediatric sample.

The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in cortical development. Therefore, characterizing changes in GABA levels during development has important implications for the study of healthy development and developmental disorders. Brain GABA levels can be measured non-invasively using GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Merging Fungal and Bacterial Community Profiles via an Internal Control.

Integrated measurements of fungi and bacteria are critical to understand how interactions between these taxa drive key processes in ecosystems ranging from soils to animal guts. High-throughput amplicon sequencing is commonly used to census microbiomes, but the genetic markers targeted for fungi and bacteria (typically ribosomal regions) are domain-specific so profiling must be performed separately, obscuring relationships between these groups. To solve this problem, we developed a spike-in method with an internal control (IC) construct containing primer sites commonly used for bacterial and fungal taxonomic profiling.

Assessment of microbial risk during Australian industrial practices for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fresh cut-cos lettuce: A stochastic quantitative approach.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 risk associated with the consumption of fresh cut-cos lettuce during Australian industrial practices was assessed. A probabilistic risk assessment model was developed and implemented in the @Risk software by using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with 1,000,000 iterations. Australian preharvest practices yielded predicted annual mean E.

GABA and glutamate in pediatric migraine.

Migraine is one of the top 5 most prevalent childhood diseases; however, effective treatment strategies for pediatric migraine are limited. For example, standard adult pharmaceutical therapies are less effective in children and can carry undesirable side effects. To develop more effective treatments, improved knowledge of the biology underlying pediatric migraine is necessary.