Heart Involvement in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome, Associated With COVID-19 in Children: The Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Data.

Objectives: Heart involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children (MIS-C) is a new challenging problem, requiring fast and reliable diagnostics and appropriate treatment. The aim of this study is to describe heart involvement in patients with MIS-C.

Study Design: In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, data of 122 patients were included.

Burden of Childhood Rotavirus Disease in the Outpatient Setting of the Russian Federation.

Background: This is a prospective, multicentered study conducted in 9 large urban areas in Russia, in order to determine the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age and the genotypes circulating during 1 rotavirus season.

Methods: From November 2012 to May 2013, surveillance was conducted in Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Vologda, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Yaroslavl, Khanty-Mansiysk and Vladivostok. Children <5 years of age presenting at outpatient clinics with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) of less than 72 hours duration were enrolled in the study.

[Cycloferon use in complex therapy of children with salmonellosis and yersiniosis infection].

The efficacy of cycloferon in complex therapy of salmonellosis and yersiniosis in children (n=220) was investigated under clinical and laboratory conditious. It was shown, that cycloferon had direct and indirect immunotropic action in salmonellosis and yersiniosis in children. In contrast to the conventional antibiotic therapy, the use of cycloferon provided a more rapid relief of the local and systemic symptoms, reduction of superinfection or exacerbation.

[Enteropathogenic Yersinia and host cytokine system].

Data about interaction of virulence factors of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis with host immune system cells are presented in the review. Response of innate and adaptive immunity cytokine system in cultures in vitro and during experiment was characterized; scarce data on production of cytokines in patients with yersiniosis are presented.

[Cycloferon efficacy in viral and bacterial diseases of children (clinical review)].

The authors' findings and literature data on the pharmacotherapeut efficacy of cycloferon, an interferon inductor (immunomodulators) are described. The drug effect in the treatment of various socially significant children' diseases, including acute respiratory tract viral infection, bronchial asthma, allergic conditions with infection protection disturbances, mycoplasmic infection, bronchopulmonary complications of acute respiratory tract viral infection with low intensity of free radical oxidation is indicated. The use of cycloferon at the background of vaccination was shown to provide inhibition of the autoimmune processes causing postvaccinal complications in frequently ill children.

Clinical and immunological efficiency of anaferon (pediatric formulation) in calicivirus infection in children.

Therapy with anaferon (pediatric formulation) during the acute period of calicivirus infection shortened the duration of the main symptoms of the disease and period of virus release. Changes in the immunological status included increased production of IgA and IgM and activation of IFN-alpha synthesis.

[Four levels (types) of immune reponse in children with viral parotitis infections].

Four levels (types) of immune response, differing by expression of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-4, and gamma-IFN) and immunoglobulins IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, and IgE) and by expression and time course of specific cell-mediated and humoral immune response, were detected in children with different clinical forms of mumps. Types 1 and 3 immune response are predominantly cell-mediated, while types 2 and 4 predominantly humoral during the acute phase of the disease. The cytokine and antigen-specific profiles of each type of immune response correlate with the severity of clinical course of mumps.

[New data on the development of complications during epidemiological parotitis in children].

The main factors in the pathogenesis of complicated parotitis virus infection are increased virus reproduction in the salivary gland, inhibited by the production of alpha-interferon at early stages of the infectious process. Entry of the virus into the CNS is caused by slight penetration of antiparotitis antibodies through the blood-brain barrier and by poor formation of specific immune complexes at the site of primary virus reproduction and in the liquor. Interferon therapy of patients with parotitis virus infection corrects the chain of processes in the pathogenesis.

[The protective role of postvaccinal immunity in mumps in children].

The immunological study of children with infectious parotitis (IP) without complications and with such complications as pancreatitis, meningitis or orchitis in the glandular form was carried out. In accordance with the previously proposed principle, 4 types of immune response (IR) were established on the basis of differences in initial resistance and the IR profile: cell-mediated immunity (types I and III) and humoral immunity (types II and IV). The patients included nonvaccinated children, as well as children vaccinated on epidemic indications, 3-6, 7-9, 10 and more years before infection.

[Metabolic transformation of labelled exogenous fatty acids by fungal cultures of the family Entomophthoraceae].

Entomophthora coronata 1932 and E. conica 1716 are quite different in their fatty acid composition and the unsaturation degree of synthesized lipids. The cultures were used as models to study metabolic transformations of exogenous 14C-labeled acetic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as well as to compare the activities of the synthetase and desaturase enzyme complexes.

[Fatty acid composition of certain species of fungi of the family Choanephoraceae].

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with an unbranched chain and an even number of carbon atoms from C12 to C24 were found in phospholipids of the fungi Cunninghamella elegans, Cun. homothallica and Blakeslea trispora. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids constituted a considerable part in the fraction of fatty acids.

[Lipid composition of certain predatory species of fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys].

The aim of this work was to study the effect of the composition of the medium on the biosynthetic activity of fungi belonging to the genus Arthrobotrys, the content of different lipid fractions in them, and their fatty acid composition. The following fractions typical of the majority of microbial species were found in the lipid composition of these predaceous fungi: phospholipids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, sterols, free fatty acids, and triglycerides. The fungi were capable of accumulating from 2.

[Changes in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids during the growth process of microscopic fungi of the family Entomophthoraceae].

The fatty acid composition of phospholipids and its changes during growth of two cultures of microscopic fungi belonging to the family Entomophthoraceae have specific peculiarities. Fatty acids in the composition of phospholipids contain from 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the chain; unsaturated fatty acids prevail among them, and constitute about 60% in the phospholipids of Ent. coronata 1932 and about 70% in the phospholipids of Ent.

[Age changes in the lipid fatty acid makeup of cultures of the family Entomophthoraceae].

The rate of biosynthesis of lipids and their fatty acid composition were studied in four cultures of microscopic fungi belonging to the family Entomophthoraceae in the course of their growth. The cultures synthesized from 23% to 43% of lipids. The lipids comprised fatty acids containing from 9 to 24 carbon atoms in the chain.

[Electron microscopic study of normal Bacillus anthracoides spores and after exposure to a chloroactive disinfectant].

The fine structure of Bacillus anthracoides spores is similar in general to that of other, taxonomically related species of spore forming bacteria. However, the former is characterized by a well-developed multilayered exosporium and the heterogeneous structure of an envelope. The lethal effect of a chloroactive disinfectant (2/3 of calcium hypochlorite basic salt) is caused by changes in the structural organization of spores, which interferes with the normal permeability barrier and metabolic processes.

[Variant of Bacillus anthracoides].

A comparative study of the Bacillus anthracoides culture and its variant has shown that the latter differs drastically from the parent culture in the shape and consistence of colonies, the size of spores and vegetative cells, the rate of spore germination in MPB, and the resistence to steam treatment and chloroactive disinfectants.

Influence of phosphorus on the composition of polar lipids of Actinomyces olivaceus.

The influence of phosphorus on the composition of the lipids of Act. olivaceus was studied. It was found that the phosphorus content in the culture medium can serve as a regulator of the synthesis of definite lipids.

[Use of a mass spectrometric method for studying the oxygen demand of suspensions of resting Bacillus anthracoides spores].

Oxygen assimilation by the spore suspensions of Bacillus anthracoides under sterile conditions was continuously registered by means of a modified mass-spectrometry technique using an original reaction vessel. The sensitivity of the technique is 2.10(-2) mcl O2 per 1 mg of dry biomass per hour.

[Oxygen consumption by suspensions of Bacillus anthracoides spores].

The respiration rate of spore suspensions of Bacillus anthracoides 96 was assayed by mass spectrometry employing a hermetically sealed reaction vessel constructed for this purpose. The rate of respiration was found to depend on the method of preparing suspensions, the duration of their storage at +4 degrees C, the physiological state of spores, and the action of a disinfectant containing chlorine on them.

[Effect of vitamin A on the biosynthesis of carotene by Blakeslea trispora].

Retinol stimulates carotene synthesis in the microscopic fungus Blakeslea trispora; the stimulating effect of vitamin A is not manifested in the presence of cycloheximide. Vitamin A and beta-ionone are presumed to affect carotene synthesis in Blakeslea trispora by imitating the action of natural compounds stimulating isoprenoid synthesis--trisporic acids.