Simulation-Optimization Approach for Siting Injection Wells in Urban Area with Complex Hydrogeology.

Managed aquifer recharge has become a standard water resources management practice to promote the development of locally sustainable water supplies and combat water scarcity. However, installation of injection wells for replenishment purposes in urban areas with complex hydrogeology faces many challenges, such as limited land availability, potential impacts on municipal production wells and known subsurface contamination plumes, and complex spatially variable hydraulic connections between aquifer units. To assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of injecting advanced treated water (ATW) into a complex urban aquifer system, a Simulation-Optimization (SO) model was developed to automate a systematic search for the most cost-effective locations to install new wells for injecting various quantities of ATW, if feasible.

Influence of sex steroid hormones on the adolescent brain and behavior: An update.

This review explains the main effects exerted by sex steroids and other hormones on the adolescent brain. During the transition from puberty to adolescence, these hormones participate in the organizational phenomena that structurally shape some brain circuits. In adulthood, this will propitiate some specific behavior as responses to the hormones now activating those neural circuits.

The Role of Kisspeptin in the Onset of Puberty and in the Ovulatory Mechanism: A Mini-review.

The onset of puberty has been a fascinating topic for reproductive endocrinologists for decades; however, its underlying physiological mechanisms have remained elusive until recently. The discovery and understanding of the effects exerted by the peptide hormone kisspeptin have shed light on this research area. This review is aimed to discuss the functions of kisspeptin, with special focus on its role in the onset of puberty and in the ovulatory mechanism.